NR507 Midterm
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answer allergic reaction, IgE mediated
type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - answer cytotoxic and tissue/organ specific, IgG/IgM,
macrophages are primary effector cells (Grave's disease)
type 3 hypersensitivity reaction - answer systemic reaction that results in autoimmune
disorders (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), IgG/IgM
what disease is a type 2 and type 3 hypersensitivity reaction? - answer systemic lupus
erythematosus
symptoms of lupus erythematosus - answer facial butterfly rash, oral/nasopharyngeal
ulcers, photosensitivity, discoid rash (raised patches/scaling), arthritis, renal and
neurologic disorders
type 4 hypersensitivity reaction – answer T-cell mediated response that is delayed
(poison ivy)
secondary immunodeficiency - answer complication of some other physiologic condition
or disease
what is the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency? - answermalnutrition
primary immunodeficiency - answerresult of single gene defects
how is iron deficiency anemia characterized? - answermicrocytic hypochromic
what are causes of iron deficiency anemia? - answerpoor nutrition, cirrhosis, GI ulcers,
colitis, chronic bleeding
how is RBC size measured? - answerRBC distribution width (RDW)
how is RBC concentration measured? - answermean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC)
who is at risk for folate deficiency? - answeralcoholics
how is folate deficiency characterized? - answermacrocytic megaloblastic
what does ferritin reflect? - answerbody's total iron stores
, what is autoimmunity? - answerdisturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-
antigens
what are examples of autoimmunity? - answerrheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes
what causes autoimmunity? - answergenetic predisposition
what is alloimmunity? - answerwhen the immune system reacts aainst antigens on the
tissues of the same species
what are some examples of alloimmunity? - answerneonatal disease, transfusion
reactions, transplant rejection
how is vitamin V-12 deficiency characterized? - answermacrocytic megaloblastic
what are causes of vitamin B-12 deficiency? - answerdestruction of intrinsic factor, GI
infection, gastritis, gastrectomy, elderly age
what is the primary symptom of vitamin B-12 deficiency? - answerperipheral neuropathy
vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia - answerdecreased intake of B-12 or absence intrinsic
factor that absorbs B-12
hemolytic anemia - answerRBCs are destroyed due to an agent
what are causes of hemolytic anemia? - answerinfections, transfusion reactions, Rh
incompatibilty, drug induced
how is hemolytic anemia characterized? - answernormocytic
what are causes of hemorrhagic blood loss anemia? - answertrauma, surgery, childbirth
aplastic anemia - answeragent destroys bone marrow and leads to pancytopenia
what are causes of aplastic anemia? - answerchemical/radiation exposure, viruses,
tumors, medications
normal granulocyte level in aplastic anemia - answer< 500 UL
normal platelet count in aplastic anemia - answer< 20,000 UL
normal absolute reticulocyte count in aplastic anemia - answer0.5%-2.5%
how many genes encode for hgb on the alpha protein and what chromosome? -
answerfour genes; chromosome 16
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answer allergic reaction, IgE mediated
type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - answer cytotoxic and tissue/organ specific, IgG/IgM,
macrophages are primary effector cells (Grave's disease)
type 3 hypersensitivity reaction - answer systemic reaction that results in autoimmune
disorders (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), IgG/IgM
what disease is a type 2 and type 3 hypersensitivity reaction? - answer systemic lupus
erythematosus
symptoms of lupus erythematosus - answer facial butterfly rash, oral/nasopharyngeal
ulcers, photosensitivity, discoid rash (raised patches/scaling), arthritis, renal and
neurologic disorders
type 4 hypersensitivity reaction – answer T-cell mediated response that is delayed
(poison ivy)
secondary immunodeficiency - answer complication of some other physiologic condition
or disease
what is the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency? - answermalnutrition
primary immunodeficiency - answerresult of single gene defects
how is iron deficiency anemia characterized? - answermicrocytic hypochromic
what are causes of iron deficiency anemia? - answerpoor nutrition, cirrhosis, GI ulcers,
colitis, chronic bleeding
how is RBC size measured? - answerRBC distribution width (RDW)
how is RBC concentration measured? - answermean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC)
who is at risk for folate deficiency? - answeralcoholics
how is folate deficiency characterized? - answermacrocytic megaloblastic
what does ferritin reflect? - answerbody's total iron stores
, what is autoimmunity? - answerdisturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-
antigens
what are examples of autoimmunity? - answerrheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes
what causes autoimmunity? - answergenetic predisposition
what is alloimmunity? - answerwhen the immune system reacts aainst antigens on the
tissues of the same species
what are some examples of alloimmunity? - answerneonatal disease, transfusion
reactions, transplant rejection
how is vitamin V-12 deficiency characterized? - answermacrocytic megaloblastic
what are causes of vitamin B-12 deficiency? - answerdestruction of intrinsic factor, GI
infection, gastritis, gastrectomy, elderly age
what is the primary symptom of vitamin B-12 deficiency? - answerperipheral neuropathy
vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia - answerdecreased intake of B-12 or absence intrinsic
factor that absorbs B-12
hemolytic anemia - answerRBCs are destroyed due to an agent
what are causes of hemolytic anemia? - answerinfections, transfusion reactions, Rh
incompatibilty, drug induced
how is hemolytic anemia characterized? - answernormocytic
what are causes of hemorrhagic blood loss anemia? - answertrauma, surgery, childbirth
aplastic anemia - answeragent destroys bone marrow and leads to pancytopenia
what are causes of aplastic anemia? - answerchemical/radiation exposure, viruses,
tumors, medications
normal granulocyte level in aplastic anemia - answer< 500 UL
normal platelet count in aplastic anemia - answer< 20,000 UL
normal absolute reticulocyte count in aplastic anemia - answer0.5%-2.5%
how many genes encode for hgb on the alpha protein and what chromosome? -
answerfour genes; chromosome 16
