Skeletal System Male pelvic cavity
• Narrower and longer
Bones provide the body with structure and support • Less roomy and more funnel shaped
206 bones with joints and connective tissue
Male sacrum
Divisions • Narrower
• Axial – 80 bones • Sacral promontory projects forward
o Skull • Sacral curvature is less sharp posteriorly
o Vertebral column
o Rib cage Male coccyx
• Appendicular – 126 bones • Less movable
o Arms and legs
o Pectoral girdle Functions of Bones
o Pelvic girdle • Give shape to body parts
• Support and protect soft structures
Bone Structure • Examples – brain, lungs, heart
• Bones contain various kinds of tissues, including • Allow body movement, because skeletal
o Osseous tissue muscles attach to them
o Blood vessels • Allow for voluntary movement
o Nerves • Red bone marrow of bone produces new blood cells –
• Osseous tissue can appear compact or spongy hematopoiesis
• Compact bone looks solid • Store calcium
• Structures can be observed with a microscope
Bone Growth
• All bones are made up of both compact and
• Ossification – process of bone growth
spongy bone
• Intramembranous ossification
• Bones begin as tough, fibrous membrane
Classification by shape
• Bone-forming cells called osteoblasts turn the
• Long bones - located primarily in the arms and legs
membrane to bone (located in skull)
o Femur (thigh bone)
• Endochondral ossification
o Humerus (upper arm bone)
• Bones begin as cartilage models
• Short bones - small bones located in the wrists and
• Primary ossification center
ankles
• Bone formed in the diaphysis
o Carpals (wrist bones)
• Secondary ossification center
o Tarsals (ankle bones)
• Epiphyses turn to bone
• Flat bones – located in the skull and rib cage o Bones with some cartilage between an
o Ribs epiphysis and the diaphysis will
o Frontal bone continue to grow
• Irregular bones • Medullary cavity and spaces in cancellous bone form
o Vertebrae o Cells that form holes in bone are
o Bones of the pelvic girdle called osteoclasts
Gender Differences Building better Bones
Male Skull • Teach healthy behaviors
• Larger and heavier • Bone-healthy diet with calcium and vitamin D
• Forehead shorter • Bone-health exercises
• Face less round o Weight-bearing
• Jaw larger o Strength training
• Mastoid processes more prominent • Bone-healthy lifestyle
• Avoid smoking
Male pelvic bones • Avoid alcohol
• Heavier and thicker
• Obturator foramina and acetabula are larger and closer
together Bone Test
• Bone density
• Narrower and longer
Bones provide the body with structure and support • Less roomy and more funnel shaped
206 bones with joints and connective tissue
Male sacrum
Divisions • Narrower
• Axial – 80 bones • Sacral promontory projects forward
o Skull • Sacral curvature is less sharp posteriorly
o Vertebral column
o Rib cage Male coccyx
• Appendicular – 126 bones • Less movable
o Arms and legs
o Pectoral girdle Functions of Bones
o Pelvic girdle • Give shape to body parts
• Support and protect soft structures
Bone Structure • Examples – brain, lungs, heart
• Bones contain various kinds of tissues, including • Allow body movement, because skeletal
o Osseous tissue muscles attach to them
o Blood vessels • Allow for voluntary movement
o Nerves • Red bone marrow of bone produces new blood cells –
• Osseous tissue can appear compact or spongy hematopoiesis
• Compact bone looks solid • Store calcium
• Structures can be observed with a microscope
Bone Growth
• All bones are made up of both compact and
• Ossification – process of bone growth
spongy bone
• Intramembranous ossification
• Bones begin as tough, fibrous membrane
Classification by shape
• Bone-forming cells called osteoblasts turn the
• Long bones - located primarily in the arms and legs
membrane to bone (located in skull)
o Femur (thigh bone)
• Endochondral ossification
o Humerus (upper arm bone)
• Bones begin as cartilage models
• Short bones - small bones located in the wrists and
• Primary ossification center
ankles
• Bone formed in the diaphysis
o Carpals (wrist bones)
• Secondary ossification center
o Tarsals (ankle bones)
• Epiphyses turn to bone
• Flat bones – located in the skull and rib cage o Bones with some cartilage between an
o Ribs epiphysis and the diaphysis will
o Frontal bone continue to grow
• Irregular bones • Medullary cavity and spaces in cancellous bone form
o Vertebrae o Cells that form holes in bone are
o Bones of the pelvic girdle called osteoclasts
Gender Differences Building better Bones
Male Skull • Teach healthy behaviors
• Larger and heavier • Bone-healthy diet with calcium and vitamin D
• Forehead shorter • Bone-health exercises
• Face less round o Weight-bearing
• Jaw larger o Strength training
• Mastoid processes more prominent • Bone-healthy lifestyle
• Avoid smoking
Male pelvic bones • Avoid alcohol
• Heavier and thicker
• Obturator foramina and acetabula are larger and closer
together Bone Test
• Bone density
