BIOC0001 WEEK2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
heteropolymer
polymer made of at least 2 different monomers
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and Thymine, single ringed
purines
adenine and guanine, double ringed
nucleoside
base + sugar
polynucleotide
many nucleotides joined together in phosphodiester bond
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
nucleases
proteins which cleave phosphodiester bonds
exonucleases
cleaves phosphodiester bond from either 3' to 5' or 5'3 via hydrolysis
endonucleases
cleaves anywhere in phosphodiester bond
, chargaff rule
A=T and G=C
antiparallel
running in 2 different directions
histones function
protein which allows DNA to be compacted
Semiconservative Replication
two strands of the DNA helix separate and free nucleotides pair with the exposed bases
on the single chains to form two new DNA molecules, each containing one original and
one newly synthesized strand of DNA
How DNA unwinds for prokaryotes
DnaA can recognise five 9mers and three 13mers
five 9mers wrap around DnaA
DnaB and DnaC (helicase and helicase loader) recognise three 13mers and opens
13mers
Helicase used to seperate two strands
Holoenzyme
active unit made of enzyme and coenzyme
Okazaki fragments
small fragments of DNA produced by lagging strand eventually joined together using
ligase and RNA replaced with DNA
topoisomerase type I
enzyme which relaxes supercoiled dna by cutting one strand and reannealing strand
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
heteropolymer
polymer made of at least 2 different monomers
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and Thymine, single ringed
purines
adenine and guanine, double ringed
nucleoside
base + sugar
polynucleotide
many nucleotides joined together in phosphodiester bond
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
nucleases
proteins which cleave phosphodiester bonds
exonucleases
cleaves phosphodiester bond from either 3' to 5' or 5'3 via hydrolysis
endonucleases
cleaves anywhere in phosphodiester bond
, chargaff rule
A=T and G=C
antiparallel
running in 2 different directions
histones function
protein which allows DNA to be compacted
Semiconservative Replication
two strands of the DNA helix separate and free nucleotides pair with the exposed bases
on the single chains to form two new DNA molecules, each containing one original and
one newly synthesized strand of DNA
How DNA unwinds for prokaryotes
DnaA can recognise five 9mers and three 13mers
five 9mers wrap around DnaA
DnaB and DnaC (helicase and helicase loader) recognise three 13mers and opens
13mers
Helicase used to seperate two strands
Holoenzyme
active unit made of enzyme and coenzyme
Okazaki fragments
small fragments of DNA produced by lagging strand eventually joined together using
ligase and RNA replaced with DNA
topoisomerase type I
enzyme which relaxes supercoiled dna by cutting one strand and reannealing strand
