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· Health literacy- - ANSWER--● Mutual understanding and health planning
● Assessing and fostering health literacy- ability to read/communicate , evaluate/interpret health
information
● Low health literacy affects health status- increased ED use, fewer preventative measures, poor
treatment management
● Screening tools include FOG index, SMOG, Flesch-Kincaid Readability tests, Rapid estimate of
Adolescent literacy in medicine
● Be clear in communication- avoid jargon, speak clearly, use a variety of education materials, written
materials at 5th grade level.
Leading causes of death and prevention - ANSWER--Diarrhea and pneumonia are the leading causes of
mortality and morbidity (rotavirus and strep pneumoniae most common causes)
● Successful vaccinations have decreased mortality
Global food- what effects global food? - ANSWER--● Hunger and under-nutrition occur without access
to safe, nutritious foods
● Occurs in both developing and industrialized countries
● Climate change and its effects on crops and food distribution
● Undernutrition an important determinant of maternal/child health
● Breastfeeding increases survival rates
● Large number of child poverty in our country (1 in 5) below federal poverty level
AAP recommendations for preventive pediatric health care - ANSWER--● American Academy of
Pediatrics
○ Number of health directives greater than time available to pediatric care providers
○ Uncoupling of periodicity of visits and immunizations to a greater emphasis on healthy
growth/developmental surveillance
○ Developmental monitoring- ask parents about concerns, accurate and information observations of
children (Ages and Stages questionnaire, PHQ-9, Pediatric Symptom Checklist)
,FNP2 Exam 1 Blueprint GNRS 5670 Latest Update
2025-2026 Actual Exam 140 Questions With
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● Bright Futures
○ Prevention-based, developmentally oriented care
○ Parent tools to empower families to be active partners
HEENT - ANSWER--● Know symptoms and treatment for the following:
Otitis media
Otitis media with effusion
Otitis externa
strep / CENTOR criteria
mono
sinusitis
conjunctivitis
○
Otitis media: positioning - ANSWER--■ Pulling the ear downward, outward, and backward can enhance
visualization of the EAC and TM in infants and small children. In older children and adolescents, the
ear is lifted upward and backward, slightly away from the head.
■ Otitis media: - ANSWER--Acute infection of middle ear
■ Otitis media:AAP guidelines: presence of three components to diagnose AOM: - ANSWER--● Recent,
abrupt onset of middle ear inflammation and effusion (pain, irritability, otorrhea, fever)
● MEE confirmed by bulging TM, limited/absent mobility by pneumatic otoscopy, air-fluid level
behind TM, otorrhea
● Signs/symptoms of inflammation - distinct erythema of TM, pain
,FNP2 Exam 1 Blueprint GNRS 5670 Latest Update
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■ Otitis media:Table 30-4 - characteristics of different types of AOM - ANSWER--table 30-4 (ch 36 7th
edition, ch 29 5th edition)
■ Otitis media: Often follows eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD)
■ Common causes of ETD: - ANSWER--● Upper respiratory infection
● Allergies
● Environmental tobacco smoke
■ Otitis media: ETD leads to - ANSWER--functional obstruction/inflammation, decrease in protective
ciliary action
■ Negative pressure pulls fluid from mucosal lining and accumulates - bacteria grows in fluid
■ Young children have shorter, more horizontal, more flaccid eustachian tubes
■ Otitis media: Most common pathogens - ANSWER--S. pneumoniae, nontypeable, H. influenzae, M.
catarrhalis, and S. pyogenes are most common
■ Viruses usually initial causative factor, but most AOM caused by bacteria or combination
bacteria/virus
■ Otitis media:Clinical findings - history - ANSWER--● Rapid onset of symptoms
● Ear pain/pulling in infant
● Irritability in infant/toddler
● Otorrhea
● Fever
■ Otitis media:Consider these key factors: - ANSWER--● Prematurity
● Craniofacial abnormalities/congenital syndromes
● Risk factors
, FNP2 Exam 1 Blueprint GNRS 5670 Latest Update
2025-2026 Actual Exam 140 Questions With
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● Lethargy, dizziness, tinnitus, unsteady gait
● Sudden hearing loss
● Stuffy nose, rhinorrhea, sneezing
■ Otitis media:Clinical findings - physical examination - ANSWER--● Presence of MEE
○ Bulging TM
○ Decreased translucency of TM
○ Absent or decreased mobility of TM
○ Air-fluid level behind TM
○ Otorrhea
● Middle ear inflammation
○ Erythema of TM
○ Distinct otalgia interfering with sleep/activity
○ Increased vascularity/obscured or absent landmarks
○ Red, yellow, purple ™
○ Thin-walled, sagging bullae filled with straw-colored fluid (bullous myringitis)
● Otitis media:Diagnostic studies - ANSWER--○ Pneumatic otoscopy - easiest, most efficient
○ Tympanometry
○ Tympanocentesis to identify organism - refer
■ Otitis media:Management - ANSWER--● Table 30-5 (ch 36 7th ed, ch 29 5th ed)
● Pain management
○ Ibuprofen or acetaminophen
○ Topical analgesics if TM intact as adjunctive therapy - no longer available
○ Distraction, oil application, external heat/cold