CPACC EXAM, LATEST GUIDE TO A+ : QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FORMAT
Medical Model
defines disability in terms of biological impairments. Disability is viewed as a problem
that is caused by diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health
conditions. Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes quality of life and
needs to be treated with professional medical care.
Social Model
Rather than place the definition of "disability" entirely on the person with a disability, this
model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent, "disability"
is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely
points out that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with
disabilities face in their everyday lives. The model emphasizes the human rights of
people with disabilities to participate in society in meaningful ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our
diagnoses
Functional Solutions Model
model takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the impairments, or
limitations, that are a result of disability. The model then seeks out solutions for
eradicating these limitations through advancements in technology or methodology.
There is less of a focus on the social and political aspects of disability, but more focus
on applying innovation to overcoming the limitations of disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this approach. They
see a need and try to meet the need with their products and/or services.
Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model
People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through consorting
with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability. Together, the
group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of disability, because
, groups of people with different types of disabilities—or even without any disabilities—
may consider themselves part of the same social group.
Charity Model/Tragedy Model
treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment. People
without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up fundraisers, projects,
assistance, and other interventions to improve the condition of those with disabilities.
Many people with disabilities find this approach offensive, even if the end result
produces something that helps people with disabilities. With this approach, the offensive
part is the attitude and the assumptions. People without disabilities are in the position of
the givers; the "fortunate" ones. People with disabilities are in the position of the
receivers; the "unfortunate" ones. This kind of arrangement sets up an unequal power
balance, and an unhealthy social relationship between groups of people.
Blindness
Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the term is often used to define a total loss of
vision, it may also refer to partial blindness, where sight may be extremely limited (low
vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Screen Readers
Convert the text on the web page into spoken words. Blind people listen to web pages
ICT Blindness Challenge: Cannot see digital or electronic interfaces (computers,
automated teller machines (ATMs), mobile devices, airport kiosks, televisions,
printers, copiers, phones, GPS devices, etc.)
-Screen readers can read interfaces and content out loud to users by converting digital
text to synthesized speech, but only if they have been designed to be accessible.
Screen readers do not announce text styles such as font, color, size, bold, and italic.
ANSWERS FORMAT
Medical Model
defines disability in terms of biological impairments. Disability is viewed as a problem
that is caused by diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health
conditions. Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes quality of life and
needs to be treated with professional medical care.
Social Model
Rather than place the definition of "disability" entirely on the person with a disability, this
model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent, "disability"
is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely
points out that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with
disabilities face in their everyday lives. The model emphasizes the human rights of
people with disabilities to participate in society in meaningful ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our
diagnoses
Functional Solutions Model
model takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the impairments, or
limitations, that are a result of disability. The model then seeks out solutions for
eradicating these limitations through advancements in technology or methodology.
There is less of a focus on the social and political aspects of disability, but more focus
on applying innovation to overcoming the limitations of disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this approach. They
see a need and try to meet the need with their products and/or services.
Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model
People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through consorting
with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability. Together, the
group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of disability, because
, groups of people with different types of disabilities—or even without any disabilities—
may consider themselves part of the same social group.
Charity Model/Tragedy Model
treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment. People
without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up fundraisers, projects,
assistance, and other interventions to improve the condition of those with disabilities.
Many people with disabilities find this approach offensive, even if the end result
produces something that helps people with disabilities. With this approach, the offensive
part is the attitude and the assumptions. People without disabilities are in the position of
the givers; the "fortunate" ones. People with disabilities are in the position of the
receivers; the "unfortunate" ones. This kind of arrangement sets up an unequal power
balance, and an unhealthy social relationship between groups of people.
Blindness
Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the term is often used to define a total loss of
vision, it may also refer to partial blindness, where sight may be extremely limited (low
vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Screen Readers
Convert the text on the web page into spoken words. Blind people listen to web pages
ICT Blindness Challenge: Cannot see digital or electronic interfaces (computers,
automated teller machines (ATMs), mobile devices, airport kiosks, televisions,
printers, copiers, phones, GPS devices, etc.)
-Screen readers can read interfaces and content out loud to users by converting digital
text to synthesized speech, but only if they have been designed to be accessible.
Screen readers do not announce text styles such as font, color, size, bold, and italic.
