CPACC STUDY CARDS, LATEST GUIDE TO A+: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FORMAT

CPACC STUDY CARDS, LATEST GUIDE TO A+: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FORMAT What are the disabilities that matter most in terms of their effect on web use? Disabilities in the eyes, ears, hands and brain What is the medical model? The model defines disability in terms of biological impairments -- a problem that is caused by medically-diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical care. What are the strengths of the medical model? The medical model can address the biological sources of disabilities, either by clinically curing them or providing ways to medically manage the conditions. The medical component of disabilities is a critical reality for many people. What are the weaknesses of the medical model? The medical model treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the individual and seeks a cure or medical management of a bodily condition, often overlooking the broader sociopolitical constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible environments. What is the social model? Rather than place the definition of "disability" entirely on the person with a disability, the social model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent, "disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design and that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives What are the strength of the social model? The social model's focus on the disabling conditions in the environment and in society makes it clear that the barriers and challenges experienced by people with disabilities are not inevitable, nor are they exclusively a characteristic of the individual's "broken" body. What are the weaknesses of the social model? Tends to downplay the embodied aspects of disabilities too much, as if disability had nothing to do with bodily characteristics at all. The social model's push for social justice in the political arena can also put activists at odds with people with other political interests, antagonizing relationships and sometimes creating resolute political adversaries. What is the biopsychosocial model? This model recognizes that disability is a complex and multi-faceted concept and incorporates the perspectives of the medical and social models. This includes the biological, individual, and social aspects of disability. What is the economic model? This model views disabilities from the perspective of the economic impact of the disability on individuals, employers, the state, and welfare programs. For example, a person with a disability may earn less money and have a higher cost for necessary assistance (such as a care provider). An employer might have lower profit margins, and the state might have increased cost in terms of welfare programs. What are the strengths of the economic model? It recognizes the effect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work, and there may be a need for economic support and / or accommodations for the person's disability. What are the weaknesses of the economic model? It creates a legally defined category of people who are needy, which can be stigmatizing for people with disabilities. Also, if a person doesn't meet the legal threshold for disabled, or if there is a dispute as to a person's disability, the person with the disability may not receive the support they need. Explain the functional solutions model? This model takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the functional impairments, or limitations, and then seeks out solutions for eradicating them through advancements in technology or methodology. This model focuses on applying innovation to overcoming the limitations of disability. What are the strengths of the functional model? 1. It is results-oriented. 2. It seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges, while sidestepping the often-convoluted sociopolitical implications of disability within society. What are the weaknesses of the functional model? Profit-driven entrepreneurs can sometimes miss the mark, creating products that may be innovative but not practical or useful, or which may be of more benefit to the innovators than to the target population 2. If the primary cause of a particular challenge is the socioeconomic circumstances in the environment, the functional solutions model's de-emphasis on socioeconomic issues can cause would-be innovators to ignore the most important aspects of the original problem. Explain the Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences. What are the strengths of the Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model? It accepts the person's disability completely and uses it as a point of pride in being associated with other people in a similar condition. What are the weaknesses of the Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model? The sense of belonging felt by one group of people can be counterbalanced by a feeling of exclusion by people who don't fit the group's expectations. Explain the charity or tragedy model. 1. It treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment. 2. People without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up fundraisers, assistance, etc to improve the condition of those with disabilities. 3. Most people with disabilities find this offensive. What are the strengths of the charity or tragedy model? It can inspire people to contribute their time and / or resources to provide assistance when it is genuinely needed. What are the weaknesses of the charity or tragedy model?