DM Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Solved 100%
Diabete leading cause of... - Answers *end stage renal disease
adult blindness
nontraumatic lower limb amputations
uncontrolled diabetes affects - Answers vasculature (vessels)
b/c high BS damages vessels
Diabetes major contributing factors... - Answers heart disease
stroke
and it speeds up artery disease
normal insulin metabolism - Answers 1) produced my the beta cells (islets on langerhans)
2) released continuously into bloodstream in small increments w/ larger amounts released after food
3) stabalizes glucose range 70-110 mg/dL
short-acting insulin given.. - Answers right before eating to bring blood sugar down
increased insulin after a meal - Answers 1) stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle
2) inhibits gluconeogenesis
3) enhances fat deposition
4) increased protein synthesis
decreased glucose in the blood because insulin.. - Answers promotes glucose transport from
bloodstream across cell membrane to cytoplasm of cell
insulin dependent tissue - Answers skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
other tissues not directly dependent on insulin for glucose transport - Answers brain, liver, blood cells
#1 worry with insulin - Answers hypoglycemia
examples of counterregulatory hormones - Answers glucagon, epi, growth hormone, and cortisol
(make BS go up)
counterregulatory hormones - Answers 1) oppose effects of insulin
2) increase blood glucose levels
, 3) provide regulated release of glucose for energy
4) help maintain normal blood glucose levels
type 1 DM - Answers 1) do not make insulin
2) abrupt onset
3) frequent in children
type 1- end result of long standing process
(body attacking own pancreas) - Answers 1) progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells by body's
own immune system
2) autoantibodies cause a reduction of 80% to 90% in normal beta cell function BEFORE manifestations
occur
type 1 causes - Answers 1) genetic predisposition (r/t human leukocyte antigens (HLAs))
2) exposure to a virus
type 1 onset of disease - Answers after long preclinical period, manifestations develop when pancreas
can no longer produce any insulin:
-rapid onset of symptoms
-present to ED with DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answers *life threatening and only occurs in type 1
-occurs in absence of exogenous insulin
-results in metabolic acidosis
normal A1C - Answers 2.2% - 4.8%
A1C is - Answers % of hemoglobin that is carrying glucose over time (roughly 3 mos)
Prediabetes characterized by - Answers 1) impaired fasting glucose (IFG): levels around 100-125 mg/dL
2) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): 2 hour plasma glucose levels are between 140-199 mg/dL
*3) HbgA1C is in range of 5.7% to 6.4%
RBC lifespan - Answers 120 days
polyuria think... - Answers SHOCK first
watch for diabetes symptoms - Answers (the 3 P's)
Diabete leading cause of... - Answers *end stage renal disease
adult blindness
nontraumatic lower limb amputations
uncontrolled diabetes affects - Answers vasculature (vessels)
b/c high BS damages vessels
Diabetes major contributing factors... - Answers heart disease
stroke
and it speeds up artery disease
normal insulin metabolism - Answers 1) produced my the beta cells (islets on langerhans)
2) released continuously into bloodstream in small increments w/ larger amounts released after food
3) stabalizes glucose range 70-110 mg/dL
short-acting insulin given.. - Answers right before eating to bring blood sugar down
increased insulin after a meal - Answers 1) stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle
2) inhibits gluconeogenesis
3) enhances fat deposition
4) increased protein synthesis
decreased glucose in the blood because insulin.. - Answers promotes glucose transport from
bloodstream across cell membrane to cytoplasm of cell
insulin dependent tissue - Answers skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
other tissues not directly dependent on insulin for glucose transport - Answers brain, liver, blood cells
#1 worry with insulin - Answers hypoglycemia
examples of counterregulatory hormones - Answers glucagon, epi, growth hormone, and cortisol
(make BS go up)
counterregulatory hormones - Answers 1) oppose effects of insulin
2) increase blood glucose levels
, 3) provide regulated release of glucose for energy
4) help maintain normal blood glucose levels
type 1 DM - Answers 1) do not make insulin
2) abrupt onset
3) frequent in children
type 1- end result of long standing process
(body attacking own pancreas) - Answers 1) progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells by body's
own immune system
2) autoantibodies cause a reduction of 80% to 90% in normal beta cell function BEFORE manifestations
occur
type 1 causes - Answers 1) genetic predisposition (r/t human leukocyte antigens (HLAs))
2) exposure to a virus
type 1 onset of disease - Answers after long preclinical period, manifestations develop when pancreas
can no longer produce any insulin:
-rapid onset of symptoms
-present to ED with DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answers *life threatening and only occurs in type 1
-occurs in absence of exogenous insulin
-results in metabolic acidosis
normal A1C - Answers 2.2% - 4.8%
A1C is - Answers % of hemoglobin that is carrying glucose over time (roughly 3 mos)
Prediabetes characterized by - Answers 1) impaired fasting glucose (IFG): levels around 100-125 mg/dL
2) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): 2 hour plasma glucose levels are between 140-199 mg/dL
*3) HbgA1C is in range of 5.7% to 6.4%
RBC lifespan - Answers 120 days
polyuria think... - Answers SHOCK first
watch for diabetes symptoms - Answers (the 3 P's)
