ACING HLTH 501 BIOSTATISTICS EXAM WITH THE LATEST A+
UPDATE IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FORMAT.
Observational Design
Generally observed phenomenon, whereas in randomized studies, we intervene and
measure a response. Generates a hypothesis.
Observational Studies are sometimes called:
Descriptive, Associational, nonrandomized, or historical studies.
Case Report
A very detailed report of the specific features of a particular participant or case.
Case Series
A systematic review of the interesting and common feature of a small collection, or
series, of cases.
What study design is important in the medical field as they have historically
served to identify new disease?
Case Series/Case Report
Cross-Sectional Survey
A study conducted at a single point in time.
This study design is appropriate when the research question is focused on the
prevalence of a disease, a present practice, or an opinion?
Cross-sectional survey
The Cohort Study
Involves a group of individuals who usually meet a set of inclusion criteria at the start of
the study.
Retrospective cohort study
A study that uses an intact cohort of known offenders and looks back into their early life
experiences by checking their educational, family, police, and hospital records. (looking
back in time.
This study finds association between risk factor and disease.
The Cohort Study
The Case-Control Study
, A study often used in epidemiological research where again the question of interest is
whether there is an association between a particular risk factor or exposure and an
outcome.
This study is used when the outcome of interest is rare.
Case-Control Study.
The Nested Case-Control Study
A specific type of case-control study that is usually designed from a cohort study,
This study is typically used to asses new biomarkers (measures of biological
processes) or to evaluate expensive tests or technologies.
The Nested Case-Control
Considered the Gold Standard of study designs
Randomized studies
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
A design with a key and distinguishing feature-the randomization of participants to one
of the several comparison treatments or groups.
Active-Controlled Trial
control group is given a known effective treatment to which the new treatment is being
compared.
Placebo-Controlled Trial
an experimental study design used to compare a novel treatment to an inactive
treatment
The disadvantage to this study design is that they are unplanned, uncontrolled,
and not designed to answer a specific research question.
Case Report/Case Series
This study design limits the fact that both the exposure or development of a risk
factor and the outcome have occurred.
Cross-sectional
This study design has a major advantage as it allows for investigators to asses
temporal relationships.
Cohort Study
This study design can be complicated by cofounding.
UPDATE IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FORMAT.
Observational Design
Generally observed phenomenon, whereas in randomized studies, we intervene and
measure a response. Generates a hypothesis.
Observational Studies are sometimes called:
Descriptive, Associational, nonrandomized, or historical studies.
Case Report
A very detailed report of the specific features of a particular participant or case.
Case Series
A systematic review of the interesting and common feature of a small collection, or
series, of cases.
What study design is important in the medical field as they have historically
served to identify new disease?
Case Series/Case Report
Cross-Sectional Survey
A study conducted at a single point in time.
This study design is appropriate when the research question is focused on the
prevalence of a disease, a present practice, or an opinion?
Cross-sectional survey
The Cohort Study
Involves a group of individuals who usually meet a set of inclusion criteria at the start of
the study.
Retrospective cohort study
A study that uses an intact cohort of known offenders and looks back into their early life
experiences by checking their educational, family, police, and hospital records. (looking
back in time.
This study finds association between risk factor and disease.
The Cohort Study
The Case-Control Study
, A study often used in epidemiological research where again the question of interest is
whether there is an association between a particular risk factor or exposure and an
outcome.
This study is used when the outcome of interest is rare.
Case-Control Study.
The Nested Case-Control Study
A specific type of case-control study that is usually designed from a cohort study,
This study is typically used to asses new biomarkers (measures of biological
processes) or to evaluate expensive tests or technologies.
The Nested Case-Control
Considered the Gold Standard of study designs
Randomized studies
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
A design with a key and distinguishing feature-the randomization of participants to one
of the several comparison treatments or groups.
Active-Controlled Trial
control group is given a known effective treatment to which the new treatment is being
compared.
Placebo-Controlled Trial
an experimental study design used to compare a novel treatment to an inactive
treatment
The disadvantage to this study design is that they are unplanned, uncontrolled,
and not designed to answer a specific research question.
Case Report/Case Series
This study design limits the fact that both the exposure or development of a risk
factor and the outcome have occurred.
Cross-sectional
This study design has a major advantage as it allows for investigators to asses
temporal relationships.
Cohort Study
This study design can be complicated by cofounding.
