ACING HLTH 501 BIOSTATISTICS EXAM 1 WITH THE LATEST A+
UPDATE IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FORMAT.
Bioethics
Ethics that applies to the body, health, illness, medical research and interpersonal
communications
What do ethical theories allow us to do
1. Make rational decisions.
2. Act as moral agents.
3. Justify actions
Ethical theories
1. Utilitarianism.
2. Kantian ism.
3. Virtue ethics.
4. Feminist approaches.
Utilitarianism
- Developed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Promotes egalitarianism
- an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes
Jeremy Bentham
Father of utilitarianism. Promoted the notion that nothing necessarily is dear to people
except for what is around them
Hedonic Calculus
By Jeremy Bentham. What will provide the greatest amount of pleasure and the least
amount of people for the greatest number of people
Cons of the hedonic calculus
Does not weight out the value of each good and bad tendency. Sees the pleasure of
chocolate the same as saving someone's life.
Strengths of Bentham's utilitarianism
1. Truly egalitarian.
2. Universal
Weaknesses of Bentham's Strengths of Bentham's utilitarianism
, 1. Only pleasure has values.
2. Measurement issues
Mill's Utilitarianism
The greatest happiness principles. Pleasures are qualitatively different. The way to
differentiate the value of pleasures is by consulting the individual who has experienced
both
Act utilitarianism
Greatest amount of happiness, nothing is forbidden, everyone is equal
Rule utilitarianism
Applied to rules or principles. Societies with rules are happier. Moral code would
produce more overall god. Associated mainly with Mill's approach. Believes rules/
Deontological Theory
By Immanuel Kant. Balanced rationalism and empiricism.
Dentology
rules, duties
Components of Deontology
1. The good will.
2. Duties.
3. Reason.
The good will
More about the intention than the actual action.
Reason
Ability to make logical decisions to make moral decisions.
Duty
The act is only good if it is done for the sake of duty. For example if you are taking care
of your baby out of love, it is not a morally good action, it is only morally good if it is
done out of a sense of duty to society
Categorical Imperative (CI)
Kant's test for ethical decision in solving moral dilemmas. Absolute, universal and
intuitive actions. Such as everyone knows not to cheat
Hypothetical Imperatives
UPDATE IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FORMAT.
Bioethics
Ethics that applies to the body, health, illness, medical research and interpersonal
communications
What do ethical theories allow us to do
1. Make rational decisions.
2. Act as moral agents.
3. Justify actions
Ethical theories
1. Utilitarianism.
2. Kantian ism.
3. Virtue ethics.
4. Feminist approaches.
Utilitarianism
- Developed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Promotes egalitarianism
- an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes
Jeremy Bentham
Father of utilitarianism. Promoted the notion that nothing necessarily is dear to people
except for what is around them
Hedonic Calculus
By Jeremy Bentham. What will provide the greatest amount of pleasure and the least
amount of people for the greatest number of people
Cons of the hedonic calculus
Does not weight out the value of each good and bad tendency. Sees the pleasure of
chocolate the same as saving someone's life.
Strengths of Bentham's utilitarianism
1. Truly egalitarian.
2. Universal
Weaknesses of Bentham's Strengths of Bentham's utilitarianism
, 1. Only pleasure has values.
2. Measurement issues
Mill's Utilitarianism
The greatest happiness principles. Pleasures are qualitatively different. The way to
differentiate the value of pleasures is by consulting the individual who has experienced
both
Act utilitarianism
Greatest amount of happiness, nothing is forbidden, everyone is equal
Rule utilitarianism
Applied to rules or principles. Societies with rules are happier. Moral code would
produce more overall god. Associated mainly with Mill's approach. Believes rules/
Deontological Theory
By Immanuel Kant. Balanced rationalism and empiricism.
Dentology
rules, duties
Components of Deontology
1. The good will.
2. Duties.
3. Reason.
The good will
More about the intention than the actual action.
Reason
Ability to make logical decisions to make moral decisions.
Duty
The act is only good if it is done for the sake of duty. For example if you are taking care
of your baby out of love, it is not a morally good action, it is only morally good if it is
done out of a sense of duty to society
Categorical Imperative (CI)
Kant's test for ethical decision in solving moral dilemmas. Absolute, universal and
intuitive actions. Such as everyone knows not to cheat
Hypothetical Imperatives
