IT 380 A+: EXAM 2 ESSAYS ENGAGING THE LATEST UPDATE OF
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Differences between graphics and images
Graphics are any type of visual representation that can be displayed on a physical
surface
Images are any two or three dimensional representation of a person, animal, object, or
scene in the natural world
Types of graphics each is appropriate for; advantages / disadvantages
Vector Graphics: Suitable for logos, text, and simple illustrations. Advantages include
scalability and small file size. Disadvantage is they are not suitable for complex images
like photographs.
Raster Graphics: Best for detailed images, like photographs. Advantages include
detailed color and texture representation. Disadvantage includes large file sizes and
loss of quality when scaled.
How images are encoded
Images are encoded using a grid of pixels, where each pixel represents a color
Pixel count/density; color depth, number of combinations; effect on file size
Pixel Count/Density: Refers to the number of pixels within an image. Higher pixel
counts/density result in higher resolution and detail but also larger file sizes.
Color Depth: Indicates the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel.
Higher color depth allows for more colors and more detailed images but increases file
size.
Effect on File Size: Higher pixel count/density and color depth significantly increase the
file size.
Effects of scaling, resampling, cropping on image
, Scaling: Enlarging or reducing an image's size. Quality loss occurs in raster images
when scaling up.
Resampling: Changing the pixel dimensions of an image, affecting its quality and file
size. It includes scaling and can add or remove pixels.
Cropping: Removing portions of an image, which reduces file size but does not affect
the quality of the remaining part.
File formats, types of images used for each, pros/cons
Vector Formats (AI, EPS, SVG): Used for vector graphics. Pros include scalability and
small file size. Cons: Not suitable for photo-realistic images.
Raster Formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF): Used for detailed images and photographs. JPEG is
lossy, offering smaller file sizes but potential quality loss. PNG supports transparency
and is lossless, suitable for detailed graphics
Lossy vs. Lossless compression; impact of compression on the file, image
Lossy Compression (e.g., JPEG): Reduces file size by permanently removing data,
which can affect image quality.
Lossless Compression (e.g., PNG): Reduces file size without losing quality, allowing the
original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Understand how sound is converted from an analog form to digital through
sampling
Sampling is the process of converting analog sound into a digital format by recording
the amplitude of the sound wave at regular intervals.
Describe how sampling, bit depth, and bit rate impact the overall size of an audio
file as well as quality and playback
Higher bit depth allows for a more precise representation of the sound's amplitude
Bit rate is the amount of data processed per unit of time, impacting both the size and
quality of the audio file
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Differences between graphics and images
Graphics are any type of visual representation that can be displayed on a physical
surface
Images are any two or three dimensional representation of a person, animal, object, or
scene in the natural world
Types of graphics each is appropriate for; advantages / disadvantages
Vector Graphics: Suitable for logos, text, and simple illustrations. Advantages include
scalability and small file size. Disadvantage is they are not suitable for complex images
like photographs.
Raster Graphics: Best for detailed images, like photographs. Advantages include
detailed color and texture representation. Disadvantage includes large file sizes and
loss of quality when scaled.
How images are encoded
Images are encoded using a grid of pixels, where each pixel represents a color
Pixel count/density; color depth, number of combinations; effect on file size
Pixel Count/Density: Refers to the number of pixels within an image. Higher pixel
counts/density result in higher resolution and detail but also larger file sizes.
Color Depth: Indicates the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel.
Higher color depth allows for more colors and more detailed images but increases file
size.
Effect on File Size: Higher pixel count/density and color depth significantly increase the
file size.
Effects of scaling, resampling, cropping on image
, Scaling: Enlarging or reducing an image's size. Quality loss occurs in raster images
when scaling up.
Resampling: Changing the pixel dimensions of an image, affecting its quality and file
size. It includes scaling and can add or remove pixels.
Cropping: Removing portions of an image, which reduces file size but does not affect
the quality of the remaining part.
File formats, types of images used for each, pros/cons
Vector Formats (AI, EPS, SVG): Used for vector graphics. Pros include scalability and
small file size. Cons: Not suitable for photo-realistic images.
Raster Formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF): Used for detailed images and photographs. JPEG is
lossy, offering smaller file sizes but potential quality loss. PNG supports transparency
and is lossless, suitable for detailed graphics
Lossy vs. Lossless compression; impact of compression on the file, image
Lossy Compression (e.g., JPEG): Reduces file size by permanently removing data,
which can affect image quality.
Lossless Compression (e.g., PNG): Reduces file size without losing quality, allowing the
original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Understand how sound is converted from an analog form to digital through
sampling
Sampling is the process of converting analog sound into a digital format by recording
the amplitude of the sound wave at regular intervals.
Describe how sampling, bit depth, and bit rate impact the overall size of an audio
file as well as quality and playback
Higher bit depth allows for a more precise representation of the sound's amplitude
Bit rate is the amount of data processed per unit of time, impacting both the size and
quality of the audio file
