NURS 1327: CHAPTER 7, BOWEL ELIMINATION. AN ULTIMATE
A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN.
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid
Facilitate the digestion of protein
Mucus of the stomach
Protects the stomach mucosa from acidity and enzyme activity.
What is the correct order from first to last of the three sections of the small
intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum (absorbs carbs and proteins), and ileum (absorbs waters, fats,
certain vitamins, iron, and bile salts)
Ileocecal valve
A circular muscular layer that prevents regurgitation. Site where chyme enters the large
intestine by waves of peristalsis.
The large intestine
absorbs water, sodium, and chloride from the digestive food that has passed from the
small intestine. Aids and electrolyte balance
Valsalva maneuver
Exerts pressure to expel feces the voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while
maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway
What are some factors that influence bowel elimination?
Age, diet, fluid intake, physical activity, physiological factors, personal habits, position
during defecation, pain, pregnancy, surgery and anesthesia, medications
What are common bile elimination problems?
Constipation, impaction, diarrhea, incontinence, flatulence, hemorrhoids
Fiber
The non-digestible residue in the diet, provides the bulk of fecal material.
What are some bulk forming foods?
Whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables help flush the fats and waste products in the
body with more efficiency
What are some gas producing foods?
, onions, cauliflower, and beans
Celiac disease
Syndrome in which the patient has a hypersensitivity to protein and certain cereal grains
and gluten
Paralytic ileus
Cessation of peristalsis
Laxatives and cathartics
Soften the stool and promote peristalsis. Laxatives are milder in action than cathartics
Constipation
Is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and
certain medications can cause constipation. Signs include infrequent bowel movements,
difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feces
Impaction
Results from unresolved constipation. Is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the
colon that a person can not expel. If not resolved or most severe impaction often results
in intestinal obstruction
Anorexia
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea
An increase in the number of stores and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. Is
associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract
When a patient has diarrhea you should?
Consult a dietitian
Incontinence
the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus
Flatulence
Accumulated gas in the lumen of the intestines which causes gas to escape through the
anus
Hemorrhoids
Are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or
internal. Causes increased pain in, and often needs to be excised
A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN.
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid
Facilitate the digestion of protein
Mucus of the stomach
Protects the stomach mucosa from acidity and enzyme activity.
What is the correct order from first to last of the three sections of the small
intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum (absorbs carbs and proteins), and ileum (absorbs waters, fats,
certain vitamins, iron, and bile salts)
Ileocecal valve
A circular muscular layer that prevents regurgitation. Site where chyme enters the large
intestine by waves of peristalsis.
The large intestine
absorbs water, sodium, and chloride from the digestive food that has passed from the
small intestine. Aids and electrolyte balance
Valsalva maneuver
Exerts pressure to expel feces the voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while
maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway
What are some factors that influence bowel elimination?
Age, diet, fluid intake, physical activity, physiological factors, personal habits, position
during defecation, pain, pregnancy, surgery and anesthesia, medications
What are common bile elimination problems?
Constipation, impaction, diarrhea, incontinence, flatulence, hemorrhoids
Fiber
The non-digestible residue in the diet, provides the bulk of fecal material.
What are some bulk forming foods?
Whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables help flush the fats and waste products in the
body with more efficiency
What are some gas producing foods?
, onions, cauliflower, and beans
Celiac disease
Syndrome in which the patient has a hypersensitivity to protein and certain cereal grains
and gluten
Paralytic ileus
Cessation of peristalsis
Laxatives and cathartics
Soften the stool and promote peristalsis. Laxatives are milder in action than cathartics
Constipation
Is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and
certain medications can cause constipation. Signs include infrequent bowel movements,
difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feces
Impaction
Results from unresolved constipation. Is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the
colon that a person can not expel. If not resolved or most severe impaction often results
in intestinal obstruction
Anorexia
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea
An increase in the number of stores and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. Is
associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract
When a patient has diarrhea you should?
Consult a dietitian
Incontinence
the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus
Flatulence
Accumulated gas in the lumen of the intestines which causes gas to escape through the
anus
Hemorrhoids
Are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or
internal. Causes increased pain in, and often needs to be excised
