Anthropology and Sociology exist. New technologies are invented and new means of
Humans are interesting subjects to study. The human story has a interaction have been created.
lot to say from their way of living to the associations they form. People evolve over time as a result of their exposure to
The two interrelated scientific studies of society colloquially renewed or changed laws, values, and standards of
known as the twin social sciences are anthropology and society.
sociology. Keypoints
Anthropology Anthropology is the study of humans' evolutionary
Anthropology is the study of people throughout the history and how people behave, adjust, communicate,
world, their evolutionary history, how they behave, adapt and socialize in different environments.
to different environments, communicate, and socialize Sociology is the study of human institutions and their
with one another. interrelationships.
Anthropology provides us with a big picture of what it Culture is a way of life of a group of people. It involves
means to be human. symbols, languages, values, and norms.
The study of anthropology is concerned with the Society is a community or group of people joined
biological features that make us human (such as together by sustained bonds and interactions.
physiology, genetic makeup, nutritional history, and Culture and Society
evolution) and their social aspects (such as language, Culture and society are two different concepts. Each has its own
culture, politics, family, and religion). meaning and function.
Sociology Culture
Sociology is the study of human institutions and their According to Edward B. Tylor, culture is "that complex
relationships. This discipline examines how human whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values,
actions in modern societies are shaped by social groups attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge,
and by wider social, economic, and political pressures. and everything that a person learns and shares as a
Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime member of society."
to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions Culture also encompasses social institutions like the
of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a family, church, school, and government.
common culture, and from social stability to radical Our culture defines who we are.
change in whole societies. Whatever it is that we do is part of our culture.
Society
Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives on Culture Society can be defined as the interaction among people
and Society where a common culture can be shared.
In sociology, society is the leading concept while culture is Society can also refer to people from a particular place
subordinate. In anthropology, on the other hand, culture comes that shares the same culture.
first as a subject matter followed by society. A common location may not just develop a common
Let us put the two concepts this way. culture. It can also be formed by gender, shared beliefs,
values, norms, or activities.
For example, people from Bicol love spicy food while people from
Iloilo are known to be sweet and caring.
Can you identify a common cultural practice in your society?
The Relationship of Culture and Society
Culture and society are two closely related concepts. For culture
to exist and to be developed, it needs human interaction. It needs
people to interact with one another, and it needs people to
When talking about culture, we are mostly talking about practice it continuously. Without a society practicing their
tangible factors which include language, technology, and common culture, the culture may cease to exist.
institutions−like our churches, schools, or houses. Culture is also essential to society because, without culture,
However, culture also has intangible aspects such as society will be dull and will not continue to thrive. A society
our values and behaviors. It also includes norms, the without culture is like a body without a soul and vice versa.
standards or rules of acceptable behavior. Culture and society need each other so they can both develop
Culture is what makes society a collective whole. It gives and prosper.
the community its form, shape, and identity.
A society, in terms of sociology, is a group of people Aspects of Culture: Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
living and interacting with one another to create a There are different aspects of culture like art, music, language,
culture. Its population is bound by a shared food, daily life, clothing, and religion to name a few. These
culture−beliefs, attitudes, languages, and institutions. aspects of culture show us that culture is dynamic, flexible,
and adaptive.
Society and Culture as a Complex Whole Culture constantly changes and adapts to the current state of
Edward B. Tylor defined culture as "that complex whole which society. It continuously restores itself whenever customs do not fit
includes knowledge, art, belief, law, morals, custom, and any in the current situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant.
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of Examples:
society." In the aspect of music, we can see that music may
With this premise, it can be said that culture is a product change from time to time. The traditional music during
, children are not able to play street games anymore. This same expectations and experiences, the cultural groups create
pushed some game developers to introduce Filipino some that differentiate them from others in the community.
street games as video games. Socialization
When it comes to language, we can also see how Socialization is the process through which people learn to
culture adapts to changing times. We have already understand societal norms or expectations and societal values as
developed new words related to the internet like memes, members of society.
netizens, vines, and others. Enculturation
Enculturation is the process by which an individual adopts the
Aspects of Culture: Shared and Contested behavior patterns of the culture he or she is immersed in
Culture is learned and acquired through different interactions with
people. Culture is a shared learning experience. Because culture Agents of Socialization
constantly changes, we get to share the learning process with There are different agents of socialization−the family, community,
other people. mass media, and religion.
Family
The family is the first social group that we all have. It is
considered as the most important social group that a
person has. It is also the principal agent of socialization.
We first start to learn things with the help of our parents
and family. They are the main source of our traits and
behaviors, the values, norms or rules that we follow, and
the ideas we initially believe in.
Community
If culture is learned and shared, it is also contested in various Outside our homes, we get to interact with people and
ways and situations. Because of diversity, culture is subjected to institutions from our community. One them is the school.
debate and analysis. In schools, we become exposed to ideas, values, norms,
and behaviors that may be different from what we learn
Keypoints from our family.
Culture is a set of behaviors that we have absorbed. It We also get to interact with other people from our
is a set of characteristics that help us relate and bond community who become our peers. Research shows
with other people. that since children and teenagers spend most of their
Society is a group of individuals coming from the same time with peers, peer groups can create youth sub-
place and shares the same culture. culture (Mondal, 2015).
It is crucial to preserve and promulgate our culture and Our peers can also influence us with the different norms,
traditions if we want to keep them alive. We are facing values, and behaviors that they got from their families.
lots of changes, developments, and technological Mass Media
advances today that we tend to forget to look back on One of the biggest influences in our culture is mass
our old culture and traditions. media which come in the form of television, movies,
Culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. It changes books, magazines, and social networking sites. Mass
based on the current situation of society. Culture media plays a major role in shaping the culture and
continuously restores itself so it will remain relevant. behavior of an individual (Mondal, 2015).
Culture is best learned when it is shared. There are a lot Unfortunately, both good and bad behaviors can be
of cultures that exists in our world. We need to share our learned through mass media. It is important that the the
unique culture with others to get to know theirs and also youth remain supervised whenever they are accessing
spread ours. all forms of media.
While it is learned and shared, culture is also contested. Religion
Because of diversity, culture is subject to debate and Another social agent is religion. Through the family, one is
analysis. immediately exposed to the teachings of religion. It helps shape
and equip individuals with the attitudes and behaviors that are
Aspects of Culture deemed appropriate.
There are different aspects of culture such as art, music,
language, food, daily life, clothing, and religion. Aspects of Culture
Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive We have learned that culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. It
Culture constantly changes and adapts to the current state of is also shared and contested in various ways and situations.
society. It continuously restores itself whenever customs do not fit Aside from these characteristics, there are also other aspects of
in the current situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant. culture as discussed below.
Shared and Contested Learned through Socialization or Enculturation
Culture is learned and acquired through different Socialization is an ongoing process of learning languages,
interactions with people. Culture is a shared learning behaviors, customs, values, norms to acquire a personal identity.
experience. Because culture constantly changes, we get It helps us learn culture. Socialization also allows us to interact
to share the learning process with other people. with others and helps us develop the behaviors that we think are
If culture is learned and shared, it is also contested in inborn or part of human nature. It is an essential part of building
different ways and situations. Because of diversity, our character and preserving, spreading, and strengthening our
culture is always subjected to debate and analysis. culture.
Humans are interesting subjects to study. The human story has a interaction have been created.
lot to say from their way of living to the associations they form. People evolve over time as a result of their exposure to
The two interrelated scientific studies of society colloquially renewed or changed laws, values, and standards of
known as the twin social sciences are anthropology and society.
sociology. Keypoints
Anthropology Anthropology is the study of humans' evolutionary
Anthropology is the study of people throughout the history and how people behave, adjust, communicate,
world, their evolutionary history, how they behave, adapt and socialize in different environments.
to different environments, communicate, and socialize Sociology is the study of human institutions and their
with one another. interrelationships.
Anthropology provides us with a big picture of what it Culture is a way of life of a group of people. It involves
means to be human. symbols, languages, values, and norms.
The study of anthropology is concerned with the Society is a community or group of people joined
biological features that make us human (such as together by sustained bonds and interactions.
physiology, genetic makeup, nutritional history, and Culture and Society
evolution) and their social aspects (such as language, Culture and society are two different concepts. Each has its own
culture, politics, family, and religion). meaning and function.
Sociology Culture
Sociology is the study of human institutions and their According to Edward B. Tylor, culture is "that complex
relationships. This discipline examines how human whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values,
actions in modern societies are shaped by social groups attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge,
and by wider social, economic, and political pressures. and everything that a person learns and shares as a
Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime member of society."
to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions Culture also encompasses social institutions like the
of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a family, church, school, and government.
common culture, and from social stability to radical Our culture defines who we are.
change in whole societies. Whatever it is that we do is part of our culture.
Society
Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives on Culture Society can be defined as the interaction among people
and Society where a common culture can be shared.
In sociology, society is the leading concept while culture is Society can also refer to people from a particular place
subordinate. In anthropology, on the other hand, culture comes that shares the same culture.
first as a subject matter followed by society. A common location may not just develop a common
Let us put the two concepts this way. culture. It can also be formed by gender, shared beliefs,
values, norms, or activities.
For example, people from Bicol love spicy food while people from
Iloilo are known to be sweet and caring.
Can you identify a common cultural practice in your society?
The Relationship of Culture and Society
Culture and society are two closely related concepts. For culture
to exist and to be developed, it needs human interaction. It needs
people to interact with one another, and it needs people to
When talking about culture, we are mostly talking about practice it continuously. Without a society practicing their
tangible factors which include language, technology, and common culture, the culture may cease to exist.
institutions−like our churches, schools, or houses. Culture is also essential to society because, without culture,
However, culture also has intangible aspects such as society will be dull and will not continue to thrive. A society
our values and behaviors. It also includes norms, the without culture is like a body without a soul and vice versa.
standards or rules of acceptable behavior. Culture and society need each other so they can both develop
Culture is what makes society a collective whole. It gives and prosper.
the community its form, shape, and identity.
A society, in terms of sociology, is a group of people Aspects of Culture: Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
living and interacting with one another to create a There are different aspects of culture like art, music, language,
culture. Its population is bound by a shared food, daily life, clothing, and religion to name a few. These
culture−beliefs, attitudes, languages, and institutions. aspects of culture show us that culture is dynamic, flexible,
and adaptive.
Society and Culture as a Complex Whole Culture constantly changes and adapts to the current state of
Edward B. Tylor defined culture as "that complex whole which society. It continuously restores itself whenever customs do not fit
includes knowledge, art, belief, law, morals, custom, and any in the current situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant.
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of Examples:
society." In the aspect of music, we can see that music may
With this premise, it can be said that culture is a product change from time to time. The traditional music during
, children are not able to play street games anymore. This same expectations and experiences, the cultural groups create
pushed some game developers to introduce Filipino some that differentiate them from others in the community.
street games as video games. Socialization
When it comes to language, we can also see how Socialization is the process through which people learn to
culture adapts to changing times. We have already understand societal norms or expectations and societal values as
developed new words related to the internet like memes, members of society.
netizens, vines, and others. Enculturation
Enculturation is the process by which an individual adopts the
Aspects of Culture: Shared and Contested behavior patterns of the culture he or she is immersed in
Culture is learned and acquired through different interactions with
people. Culture is a shared learning experience. Because culture Agents of Socialization
constantly changes, we get to share the learning process with There are different agents of socialization−the family, community,
other people. mass media, and religion.
Family
The family is the first social group that we all have. It is
considered as the most important social group that a
person has. It is also the principal agent of socialization.
We first start to learn things with the help of our parents
and family. They are the main source of our traits and
behaviors, the values, norms or rules that we follow, and
the ideas we initially believe in.
Community
If culture is learned and shared, it is also contested in various Outside our homes, we get to interact with people and
ways and situations. Because of diversity, culture is subjected to institutions from our community. One them is the school.
debate and analysis. In schools, we become exposed to ideas, values, norms,
and behaviors that may be different from what we learn
Keypoints from our family.
Culture is a set of behaviors that we have absorbed. It We also get to interact with other people from our
is a set of characteristics that help us relate and bond community who become our peers. Research shows
with other people. that since children and teenagers spend most of their
Society is a group of individuals coming from the same time with peers, peer groups can create youth sub-
place and shares the same culture. culture (Mondal, 2015).
It is crucial to preserve and promulgate our culture and Our peers can also influence us with the different norms,
traditions if we want to keep them alive. We are facing values, and behaviors that they got from their families.
lots of changes, developments, and technological Mass Media
advances today that we tend to forget to look back on One of the biggest influences in our culture is mass
our old culture and traditions. media which come in the form of television, movies,
Culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. It changes books, magazines, and social networking sites. Mass
based on the current situation of society. Culture media plays a major role in shaping the culture and
continuously restores itself so it will remain relevant. behavior of an individual (Mondal, 2015).
Culture is best learned when it is shared. There are a lot Unfortunately, both good and bad behaviors can be
of cultures that exists in our world. We need to share our learned through mass media. It is important that the the
unique culture with others to get to know theirs and also youth remain supervised whenever they are accessing
spread ours. all forms of media.
While it is learned and shared, culture is also contested. Religion
Because of diversity, culture is subject to debate and Another social agent is religion. Through the family, one is
analysis. immediately exposed to the teachings of religion. It helps shape
and equip individuals with the attitudes and behaviors that are
Aspects of Culture deemed appropriate.
There are different aspects of culture such as art, music,
language, food, daily life, clothing, and religion. Aspects of Culture
Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive We have learned that culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. It
Culture constantly changes and adapts to the current state of is also shared and contested in various ways and situations.
society. It continuously restores itself whenever customs do not fit Aside from these characteristics, there are also other aspects of
in the current situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant. culture as discussed below.
Shared and Contested Learned through Socialization or Enculturation
Culture is learned and acquired through different Socialization is an ongoing process of learning languages,
interactions with people. Culture is a shared learning behaviors, customs, values, norms to acquire a personal identity.
experience. Because culture constantly changes, we get It helps us learn culture. Socialization also allows us to interact
to share the learning process with other people. with others and helps us develop the behaviors that we think are
If culture is learned and shared, it is also contested in inborn or part of human nature. It is an essential part of building
different ways and situations. Because of diversity, our character and preserving, spreading, and strengthening our
culture is always subjected to debate and analysis. culture.
