NSG223 VERIFIED EXAM 1
STUDY GUIDE
Cardiomyopathy diagnostic tests
Chest x-ray (cardiomegaly)
Echocardiography
ECG
Cardiac catheterization
Endomyocardial biopsy
Cardiomyopathy pharmacological mgt
beta blockers; potassium channel blockers, angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; digoxin, diuretics, and
dysrhythmic agents.
Aortic or mitral valve débridement, excision, or
replacement is required in what kind of patients?
- Develop congestive heart failure despite adequate
medical treatment
- Have more than one serious systemic embolic episode
- Develop a valve obstruction
- Develop a periannular (heart valve), myocardial, or aortic
abscess
- Have uncontrolled infection, persistent or recurrent
infection, or fungal endocarditis
Surgical valve replacement
- Have prosthetic valve endocarditis
Endocarditis primary symptoms
fever & heart murmur
, Additional are petechiae, Olsner nodes, Janeway lesions,
Roth spots, headache, stroke, HF, tachycardia,
cardio/splenomegaly
Endocarditis medical mgt
- NSAIDs as antipyretics
- Long-term IV microbial therapy
Endocarditis Pathophysiology
- Deformity or injury leads to clot formation
- Bacterial infections (Staph & Strep)
- Infection most frequently occurs from clustering
vegetations
- Vegetations > 10mm = Left-sided heart endocarditis
- Pulmonary emboli = Right-sided heart endocarditis
Meds for Myocarditis
Penicillins, Amphotericin B
Myocarditis pathology
Viral infections or immune related (rheumatic fever,
Crohn's, Lupus)
Pericarditis - nursing mgt
Analgesics, forward-leaning or sitting position to relieve
pain, gradual increases in acivity
Pericarditis assessment
- Evaluate patient in various positions
- presence of pericardial friction rub (hallmark sign)
(creaky/scratch, louder at exhalation)
- pt has to sit, lean forward, and hold their breath for rub to
be heard
Pericardial effusion
STUDY GUIDE
Cardiomyopathy diagnostic tests
Chest x-ray (cardiomegaly)
Echocardiography
ECG
Cardiac catheterization
Endomyocardial biopsy
Cardiomyopathy pharmacological mgt
beta blockers; potassium channel blockers, angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; digoxin, diuretics, and
dysrhythmic agents.
Aortic or mitral valve débridement, excision, or
replacement is required in what kind of patients?
- Develop congestive heart failure despite adequate
medical treatment
- Have more than one serious systemic embolic episode
- Develop a valve obstruction
- Develop a periannular (heart valve), myocardial, or aortic
abscess
- Have uncontrolled infection, persistent or recurrent
infection, or fungal endocarditis
Surgical valve replacement
- Have prosthetic valve endocarditis
Endocarditis primary symptoms
fever & heart murmur
, Additional are petechiae, Olsner nodes, Janeway lesions,
Roth spots, headache, stroke, HF, tachycardia,
cardio/splenomegaly
Endocarditis medical mgt
- NSAIDs as antipyretics
- Long-term IV microbial therapy
Endocarditis Pathophysiology
- Deformity or injury leads to clot formation
- Bacterial infections (Staph & Strep)
- Infection most frequently occurs from clustering
vegetations
- Vegetations > 10mm = Left-sided heart endocarditis
- Pulmonary emboli = Right-sided heart endocarditis
Meds for Myocarditis
Penicillins, Amphotericin B
Myocarditis pathology
Viral infections or immune related (rheumatic fever,
Crohn's, Lupus)
Pericarditis - nursing mgt
Analgesics, forward-leaning or sitting position to relieve
pain, gradual increases in acivity
Pericarditis assessment
- Evaluate patient in various positions
- presence of pericardial friction rub (hallmark sign)
(creaky/scratch, louder at exhalation)
- pt has to sit, lean forward, and hold their breath for rub to
be heard
Pericardial effusion
