Chapter1,TheCellinHealthand Illness pz pz
MultipleChoice
Identify thechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementor answersthequestion.
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p z 1. Whichstatement regardingthesodium–potassiumpumpiscorrect?
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1. Thecell’splasmamembraneismoresolubletosodiumionsthanpotassiumions.
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2. Theconcentrationofsodiumionsshouldbehigherinsidethecellcompartment.
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3. Theconcentrationofpotassium ionsshouldbehigheroutsidethecell z
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compartment.
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4. Theactivetransportinvolvespumping outthree sodium ionsandpumpingintwo ipz pz pz z
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potassiumions.
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2. Intheabsenceofoxygen,whichcellularfunction createsthesameamountofenergyas is
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created in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipationofpyruvicacid .zi
2. Initiationofthe citricacidcycle pz z
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3. Activationofacetyl-coenzymeA
4. Creationofacidosisvialactic acid z
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3. Howmanyadenosinetriphosphates(ATPs)areproducedinaerobicenergymetabolism? .zi
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53
4. Whichcellorganellesdifferintheirnumberaccordingtothecell’senergyneeds?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
, 3. Ribonucleic acids .zi
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids p z
5. p z Whichoptionbest supports the reasonmore energyisproducedwhenapersonisexercising? i pz i pz pz pz z
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1. Exercisecausesanincreasein thesynthesis ofprotein. pz pz
2. Thereisanincreaseintheproductionofpyruvicacidinthecells.
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3. Theconversionofpyruvicacidtolactic acidisincreasedbyexercise. z
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4. Musclecells havemoremitochondria tomeet energydemands. i p z z
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6. When does ribosomalproteinsynthesiscease?
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1. Duringendoplasmicreticulumstress
2. Duringthesynthesisofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)
3. Duringaseverehypoxicstate
4. Duringtheprocessing ofprohormone pz
7. p z Whichcellularorganellesareresponsibleforpropellingmucusandinhaleddebrisoutofthelungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretoryvesicles
4. Endoplasmicreticula
8. p z p z Whicharethekeyproteinsin thecontractileunits ofthemusclecells? z
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1. Actinandmyosin
2. Prohormoneandtubulin
3. Tubulinandactin z
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4. Myosinandprohormone z
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9. WhichdeficiencycausesTay–Sachsdisease? .zi
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes pz
p z 10. p z p z Whichisacharacteristic ofadrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulationofganglioside
2. Cessationofribosomalproteinsynthesis
3. Accelerationofcellularproteasomeactivity
4. Accumulationoflong-chainfattyacids inthenervoussystem i.z
p z 11. Whichstatementregardingendoplasmicreticulum(ER)stressiscorrect?
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1. DuringERstress,proteinsarerapidlydegraded.
2. DuringERstress,lipids cannot traveltotheirproperintracellularlocations. i pz i.z pz z
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3. DuringERstress,long-chainfattyacidsaccumulateinthe nervoussystem. p z
4. DuringERstress,nondegradedsubstancesaccumulateinthecells..zi
,12. Aclient isdiagnosedwithtype1diabetesmellitus.Atacellularlevel,whichfunctionis likelyto be
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involved?
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1. Inabilityofribosomestoproduceaspecifictypeofprotein
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p
2. Incorrect processingofaproteinbytheGolgiapparatus
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3. Stagnationofapreviouslydynamicactioninmicrotubules z
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4. Obstructionofthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum z
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13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
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componentis examinedtodeterminethecauseandprobability of thediseasebeing genetically
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transferred?
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1. TransferRNA
2. RibosomalRNA
3. Doublehelix ofDNA pz
4. Mitochondrial DNA pz
14. Ahiker experiencesmusclepainandacidosiswhileascendingamountain duringa long,steep
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climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellularhypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellularedema
, 15. WhichfactorprovidesDNAtheuniquemolecularabilitytoreplicate?
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1. Thepairingofnitrogenousbases z
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p
2. Thepresenceofpyrimidinebases z
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3. Thepresenceofnucleotides z
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4. Thenitrogenousbaseandphosphatebond z
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16. Howmanynitrogenousbasescomposeasinglecodon?
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1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
17. WhichcomponentsformthestructureofDNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Aminoacids
3. Fattyacids z
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4. Phosphates
18. Whichfactor is essentialin orderfor proteinsynthesis tooccur?
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1. Free-standingribosomeswithinthe cell .zi pz
2. ProteinblueprintfromthecelloftheDNA pz z
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3. Specific information fromthenucleusofthecell
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4. TransferRNA tomovetheproteinout of thecell i.z pz pz
19. Tetracyclineantibioticisprescribedforanadult client withchlamydiainfection.Whichisthe .zi .z .z pz
mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. Itpreventsthereplicationofbacteria.
2. Italterstheconfigurationofbacterialcytoplasm. .zi
3. Itinterfereswiththefunctionofbacterialribosomes. pz z
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4. Itinhibitsthefunctions ofbacterialmitochondria.
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20. Wheredoestheconversionofaprohormoneintoahormone take place?
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1. Intheribosomes
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2. IntheGolgiapparatus
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3. Inthesecretorygranules
4. Intheendoplasmic reticulum
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21. Whichisthecell’s“mastermind”?
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1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgiapparatus
4. Endoplasmicreticulum
MultipleChoice
Identify thechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementor answersthequestion.
p z pz
p z 1. Whichstatement regardingthesodium–potassiumpumpiscorrect?
i.z pz z
p
1. Thecell’splasmamembraneismoresolubletosodiumionsthanpotassiumions.
z
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p pz z
p z
p pz
2. Theconcentrationofsodiumionsshouldbehigherinsidethecellcompartment.
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p pz z
p
3. Theconcentrationofpotassium ionsshouldbehigheroutsidethecell z
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p pz z
p
compartment.
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4. Theactivetransportinvolvespumping outthree sodium ionsandpumpingintwo ipz pz pz z
p z
p
potassiumions.
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2. Intheabsenceofoxygen,whichcellularfunction createsthesameamountofenergyas is
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p z
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p z
p z
p z
p i p z
created in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipationofpyruvicacid .zi
2. Initiationofthe citricacidcycle pz z
p
3. Activationofacetyl-coenzymeA
4. Creationofacidosisvialactic acid z
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3. Howmanyadenosinetriphosphates(ATPs)areproducedinaerobicenergymetabolism? .zi
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53
4. Whichcellorganellesdifferintheirnumberaccordingtothecell’senergyneeds?
z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
, 3. Ribonucleic acids .zi
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids p z
5. p z Whichoptionbest supports the reasonmore energyisproducedwhenapersonisexercising? i pz i pz pz pz z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p
1. Exercisecausesanincreasein thesynthesis ofprotein. pz pz
2. Thereisanincreaseintheproductionofpyruvicacidinthecells.
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p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p pz
3. Theconversionofpyruvicacidtolactic acidisincreasedbyexercise. z
p pz z
p i pz z
p z
p z
p
4. Musclecells havemoremitochondria tomeet energydemands. i p z z
p pz ipz z
p
6. When does ribosomalproteinsynthesiscease?
p z .zi i.z pz z
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1. Duringendoplasmicreticulumstress
2. Duringthesynthesisofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)
3. Duringaseverehypoxicstate
4. Duringtheprocessing ofprohormone pz
7. p z Whichcellularorganellesareresponsibleforpropellingmucusandinhaleddebrisoutofthelungs?
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p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretoryvesicles
4. Endoplasmicreticula
8. p z p z Whicharethekeyproteinsin thecontractileunits ofthemusclecells? z
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p
1. Actinandmyosin
2. Prohormoneandtubulin
3. Tubulinandactin z
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4. Myosinandprohormone z
p
9. WhichdeficiencycausesTay–Sachsdisease? .zi
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes pz
p z 10. p z p z Whichisacharacteristic ofadrenoleukodystrophy?
pz i pz
1. Accumulationofganglioside
2. Cessationofribosomalproteinsynthesis
3. Accelerationofcellularproteasomeactivity
4. Accumulationoflong-chainfattyacids inthenervoussystem i.z
p z 11. Whichstatementregardingendoplasmicreticulum(ER)stressiscorrect?
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1. DuringERstress,proteinsarerapidlydegraded.
2. DuringERstress,lipids cannot traveltotheirproperintracellularlocations. i pz i.z pz z
p
3. DuringERstress,long-chainfattyacidsaccumulateinthe nervoussystem. p z
4. DuringERstress,nondegradedsubstancesaccumulateinthecells..zi
,12. Aclient isdiagnosedwithtype1diabetesmellitus.Atacellularlevel,whichfunctionis likelyto be
pz z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p i pz pz
involved?
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1. Inabilityofribosomestoproduceaspecifictypeofprotein
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p z
p z
p z
p z
p
2. Incorrect processingofaproteinbytheGolgiapparatus
i pz z
p pz z
p z
p
3. Stagnationofapreviouslydynamicactioninmicrotubules z
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p z
p z
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4. Obstructionofthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum z
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p z
p
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
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componentis examinedtodeterminethecauseandprobability of thediseasebeing genetically
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transferred?
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1. TransferRNA
2. RibosomalRNA
3. Doublehelix ofDNA pz
4. Mitochondrial DNA pz
14. Ahiker experiencesmusclepainandacidosiswhileascendingamountain duringa long,steep
pz z
p z
p z
p z
p pz pz
climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
pz pz pz pz pz pz pz pz
1. Cellularhypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellularedema
, 15. WhichfactorprovidesDNAtheuniquemolecularabilitytoreplicate?
z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
p
1. Thepairingofnitrogenousbases z
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p
2. Thepresenceofpyrimidinebases z
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p
3. Thepresenceofnucleotides z
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4. Thenitrogenousbaseandphosphatebond z
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16. Howmanynitrogenousbasescomposeasinglecodon?
z
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p z
p z
p z
p z
p z
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1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
17. WhichcomponentsformthestructureofDNA?
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p z
p z
p z
p z
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1. Nucleotides
2. Aminoacids
3. Fattyacids z
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4. Phosphates
18. Whichfactor is essentialin orderfor proteinsynthesis tooccur?
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p pz z
p pz pz pz z
p
1. Free-standingribosomeswithinthe cell .zi pz
2. ProteinblueprintfromthecelloftheDNA pz z
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3. Specific information fromthenucleusofthecell
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4. TransferRNA tomovetheproteinout of thecell i.z pz pz
19. Tetracyclineantibioticisprescribedforanadult client withchlamydiainfection.Whichisthe .zi .z .z pz
mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. Itpreventsthereplicationofbacteria.
2. Italterstheconfigurationofbacterialcytoplasm. .zi
3. Itinterfereswiththefunctionofbacterialribosomes. pz z
p
4. Itinhibitsthefunctions ofbacterialmitochondria.
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20. Wheredoestheconversionofaprohormoneintoahormone take place?
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p z
p pz i pz
1. Intheribosomes
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p
2. IntheGolgiapparatus
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p
3. Inthesecretorygranules
4. Intheendoplasmic reticulum
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21. Whichisthecell’s“mastermind”?
z
p z
p z
p
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgiapparatus
4. Endoplasmicreticulum
