Geography IGCSE syllabus case studies - place specific
CASE STUDIES:
A country which is over-populated: LAGOS, NIGERIA
Location: Western central africa
● Due to an improvement in water quality people had a higher life expectancy so From
1986 to 2010 population in urban centers increases from 20% to 40%
● Due to an increase in population there is an increase in transportation so there is an
increase in air pollution
● As there is an increase in population, there is an increase in demand for resources, so
many people don't have access to this so there are elevated crime rates.
A country which is under populated: AUSTRALIA
Location: Southern world, near to the Antarctic
● There is under population 23 million people so there is a shortage of workers, so there is
a lower optimum productivity in factories and industries
● Due to under population so there is not enough people to support businesses Schools and
hospitals and public transport may close.
● As they have underpopulation they can’t sustain their economy, so they have to attract
tourists in order to have a stable cash flow.
A country with high rates of population growth: NIGERIA
Location: Western central africa
● There is a high fertility rate so the number of children that a women has is above average
so Its population has grown from 1.7 million in 1960 to 13 million in 2008
● There is a lack of health care, lack of clean water so there is a high infant mortality so
partners keep on having children so they can reach adulthood.
● There is a lack of sexual education and high poverty rates so there is no education about
family planning and contraceptives, so there is an exponential growth
A country with low rates of population growth: RUSSIA
Location: Russia, the world’s largest nation, located in Northern Asia
● Russia is a very violent, dangerous country so it has a very high death rate of 15 deaths
per 1000 people per year, leading to a decline in population growth.
● More women in Russia give up their family development and develop themselves
professionally so there are less children born.
● The birth rate in the country is also quite low; the crude birth rate is 10 births per 1000
people
● There is a higher rate of abortions rather than children been born so there is a natural
decline in popoulation.
An international migration: MEXICO TO UNITED STATES
, Location: Mexico in located in central america and united states is located in north america
Push factors:
● In 2000, unemployment rates in Mexico were at 2.2, however, in 2009, they rose by
34.43%,
● Homicide rates come in at around 10-14 per 100,000 people
Pull factors:
● Better variety of jobs, and higher wages, so people have a better quality of life
● Better education and health care, so people in the long term can have better paid jobs and
better quality of life
Problems:
● Language and cultural barrier which can cause racism in housing and jobs
● They are obliged to take dirty difficult jobs low paying that natives don't take
● Around 6 million dollars are sent back to Mexico from worker to families which
negatively impacts us economy as less money is been invested in their commerce
● As there is an increase in population there is greater demand for houses, supplies, food
and jobs so they get more expensive
A country with high dependent population: JAPAN, AGING POPULATION
Location: Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean
● Labour shortages, especially in care work, hospitality, construction and agriculture.
● Due to the aging population the median age is 46, the percentage of fertile population
decreases so the amount of children decreases so there are about 400 school closures a
year.
● Lack of working population so there is a decrease in total national income
● Older people need more treatments and medicines, so healthcare bills rizes and there is an
overall economic stress in the working population
A country with a densely distributed country: JAPAN
● In Nagoya there is flat land so it is easier to build houses, industries, roads and for
farming so the population concentrates in this area.
● Good service provision like universities and technologically advanced hospitals and
health facilities, so students and the elderly population are driven to settle near these
areas so population density increases.
● Good transport facilities such as the Port of Tokyo facilitate the import of raw
materials and the export of manufactured goods so many farms and industries settle
in this area so their workers settle nearby as well as increasing population density.
A country with a sparsely distributed population: CANADA
Location: Northern, north america
Canada is sparsely populated due to the following reasons:
CASE STUDIES:
A country which is over-populated: LAGOS, NIGERIA
Location: Western central africa
● Due to an improvement in water quality people had a higher life expectancy so From
1986 to 2010 population in urban centers increases from 20% to 40%
● Due to an increase in population there is an increase in transportation so there is an
increase in air pollution
● As there is an increase in population, there is an increase in demand for resources, so
many people don't have access to this so there are elevated crime rates.
A country which is under populated: AUSTRALIA
Location: Southern world, near to the Antarctic
● There is under population 23 million people so there is a shortage of workers, so there is
a lower optimum productivity in factories and industries
● Due to under population so there is not enough people to support businesses Schools and
hospitals and public transport may close.
● As they have underpopulation they can’t sustain their economy, so they have to attract
tourists in order to have a stable cash flow.
A country with high rates of population growth: NIGERIA
Location: Western central africa
● There is a high fertility rate so the number of children that a women has is above average
so Its population has grown from 1.7 million in 1960 to 13 million in 2008
● There is a lack of health care, lack of clean water so there is a high infant mortality so
partners keep on having children so they can reach adulthood.
● There is a lack of sexual education and high poverty rates so there is no education about
family planning and contraceptives, so there is an exponential growth
A country with low rates of population growth: RUSSIA
Location: Russia, the world’s largest nation, located in Northern Asia
● Russia is a very violent, dangerous country so it has a very high death rate of 15 deaths
per 1000 people per year, leading to a decline in population growth.
● More women in Russia give up their family development and develop themselves
professionally so there are less children born.
● The birth rate in the country is also quite low; the crude birth rate is 10 births per 1000
people
● There is a higher rate of abortions rather than children been born so there is a natural
decline in popoulation.
An international migration: MEXICO TO UNITED STATES
, Location: Mexico in located in central america and united states is located in north america
Push factors:
● In 2000, unemployment rates in Mexico were at 2.2, however, in 2009, they rose by
34.43%,
● Homicide rates come in at around 10-14 per 100,000 people
Pull factors:
● Better variety of jobs, and higher wages, so people have a better quality of life
● Better education and health care, so people in the long term can have better paid jobs and
better quality of life
Problems:
● Language and cultural barrier which can cause racism in housing and jobs
● They are obliged to take dirty difficult jobs low paying that natives don't take
● Around 6 million dollars are sent back to Mexico from worker to families which
negatively impacts us economy as less money is been invested in their commerce
● As there is an increase in population there is greater demand for houses, supplies, food
and jobs so they get more expensive
A country with high dependent population: JAPAN, AGING POPULATION
Location: Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean
● Labour shortages, especially in care work, hospitality, construction and agriculture.
● Due to the aging population the median age is 46, the percentage of fertile population
decreases so the amount of children decreases so there are about 400 school closures a
year.
● Lack of working population so there is a decrease in total national income
● Older people need more treatments and medicines, so healthcare bills rizes and there is an
overall economic stress in the working population
A country with a densely distributed country: JAPAN
● In Nagoya there is flat land so it is easier to build houses, industries, roads and for
farming so the population concentrates in this area.
● Good service provision like universities and technologically advanced hospitals and
health facilities, so students and the elderly population are driven to settle near these
areas so population density increases.
● Good transport facilities such as the Port of Tokyo facilitate the import of raw
materials and the export of manufactured goods so many farms and industries settle
in this area so their workers settle nearby as well as increasing population density.
A country with a sparsely distributed population: CANADA
Location: Northern, north america
Canada is sparsely populated due to the following reasons:
