Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and
Management of Clinical Problems 12th Edition
Latest 2025
____________________________________________________________________________
Risk factors of osteoarthritis
aging, obesity, cigarette smoking/ nicotine
manifestations of RA
fatigue, anorexia weight loss, stiffness, heat, swelling, tenderness, decreased joint motion
treating RA
pain control, nutrition therapy, moist heat, prevent contracture, do not get over tired
meds for RA
NSAIDs, non opioid and opioid analgesics, corticosteroids, DMARDs
osteoporosis first signs
back pain, spontaneous fractures, kyphosis (lacks symptoms)
osteoporosis diagnostic
DEXA scan (z score -1 to +1) -1-2.5 = osteopenia
neurovascular assessment
color, sensation, movement, pain, cap refill
compartment syndrome
pain, pressure, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, pulseless-ness
osteomyelitis
severe bone infection
osteomyelitis interventions
long term antibiotics (PICC line), pain control, immobilization, sterile dressing changes
geriatric considerations UTI
females are more susceptible until older age, cognitive impairment, less likely have fever, absent
symptoms
renal UTI foley manifestations
darker urine, purulent
, acute kidney injury phases
oliguric phase, diuretic phase, recovery phase
oliguric phase
< 400 mL/ 24 hours, BUN, creatinine, GFR drops, lasts weeks/ months
diuretic phase
1-5 liters/ day, abnormal labs, lasts weeks
recovery phase
GFR increases, BUN/ Cr decrease, lasts weeks
CKD labs
GFR < 60 mL/ min for 3 months or more
creatinine > 1.5
intervention of CKD
sodium restriction (2-4 g), potassium restriction (2-3 g), protein restriction, fluid restriction (ice cubes)
phosphate restriction
acute intervention of CKD
daily weight, daily BP, s/s fluid overload/ hyperkalemia, dietary adherence, med education
glomerulonephritis interventions
rest, sodium and fluid restriction, diuretics, antibiotic therapy, antihypertensive therapy
glomerulonephritis labs
increased BUN (>25) increased creatinine (>1.5)
peritoneal dialysis complications
pain, catheter migrates, infection, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (feel for rigid abdomen for peritonitis)
glomerulonephritis
leaky nephrons, hematuria, proteinuria, elevated BUN/ Cr
which patient care task would the nurse delegate to experienced assistive personnel (AP)?
a. Instruct the patient about the need to alternate activity and rest
b. monitor level of shortness of breath or fatigue after ambulation
c. obtain the patients blood pressure and pulse rate after ambulation
d. determine whether the patient is ready to increase their activity level
c
Management of Clinical Problems 12th Edition
Latest 2025
____________________________________________________________________________
Risk factors of osteoarthritis
aging, obesity, cigarette smoking/ nicotine
manifestations of RA
fatigue, anorexia weight loss, stiffness, heat, swelling, tenderness, decreased joint motion
treating RA
pain control, nutrition therapy, moist heat, prevent contracture, do not get over tired
meds for RA
NSAIDs, non opioid and opioid analgesics, corticosteroids, DMARDs
osteoporosis first signs
back pain, spontaneous fractures, kyphosis (lacks symptoms)
osteoporosis diagnostic
DEXA scan (z score -1 to +1) -1-2.5 = osteopenia
neurovascular assessment
color, sensation, movement, pain, cap refill
compartment syndrome
pain, pressure, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, pulseless-ness
osteomyelitis
severe bone infection
osteomyelitis interventions
long term antibiotics (PICC line), pain control, immobilization, sterile dressing changes
geriatric considerations UTI
females are more susceptible until older age, cognitive impairment, less likely have fever, absent
symptoms
renal UTI foley manifestations
darker urine, purulent
, acute kidney injury phases
oliguric phase, diuretic phase, recovery phase
oliguric phase
< 400 mL/ 24 hours, BUN, creatinine, GFR drops, lasts weeks/ months
diuretic phase
1-5 liters/ day, abnormal labs, lasts weeks
recovery phase
GFR increases, BUN/ Cr decrease, lasts weeks
CKD labs
GFR < 60 mL/ min for 3 months or more
creatinine > 1.5
intervention of CKD
sodium restriction (2-4 g), potassium restriction (2-3 g), protein restriction, fluid restriction (ice cubes)
phosphate restriction
acute intervention of CKD
daily weight, daily BP, s/s fluid overload/ hyperkalemia, dietary adherence, med education
glomerulonephritis interventions
rest, sodium and fluid restriction, diuretics, antibiotic therapy, antihypertensive therapy
glomerulonephritis labs
increased BUN (>25) increased creatinine (>1.5)
peritoneal dialysis complications
pain, catheter migrates, infection, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (feel for rigid abdomen for peritonitis)
glomerulonephritis
leaky nephrons, hematuria, proteinuria, elevated BUN/ Cr
which patient care task would the nurse delegate to experienced assistive personnel (AP)?
a. Instruct the patient about the need to alternate activity and rest
b. monitor level of shortness of breath or fatigue after ambulation
c. obtain the patients blood pressure and pulse rate after ambulation
d. determine whether the patient is ready to increase their activity level
c
