NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST (usmle step 1)

NBME CBSE REAL EXAM/ NBME CBSE 200 QUESTI
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ONS AND ANSWERS/ NBME CBSE LATEST
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2023-2024 (Best Revision Material) (USMLE)
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TypecIIcpneumocytesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- surfactantc(*lecithin*)
Proliferatecaftercinjuryc
TypecIcprogenitors
*NeonatalcRespiratorycDistresscSyndrome*

Polioclivecvckilledcvaccinec---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- Killedc=cSalkc=cIgG

Livec=cSabinc=cIgGc+cIgA
-ccancbecshedcincfeces

NeonatalcRespiratorycDistress:
Etiologyc+cTxc---------cCorrectcAnswerc---------- MaternalcDMc(*highcinsulin*)
orcC-sectionc(*lowccortisol*)
TX:c*dexamethasone*cbeforecbirth

Lungcmaturitycdeterminedcwithc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- Amniocentesiscof
Phospholipidsc(*typecIIcpneumocytes)c
Lc>>cS

TypecIcpneumocytesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- Squamouscgascdiffusion

Elastasecinclungsc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- macrophage:c*lysosomes*
PMN:c*azuronphiliccgranules*

Elastincstretchescandcrecoilscduectoc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- Lysinecinterchain
crosslinks

aircpressurecand
intrapleuralcpressurecatcFRCc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- Aircpressurec=c0
Intrapleuralcpressurec=c-5

PulmcVasccResistancecisclowestcduringc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- ExhalecofcTidal
Volume

LungcComplianceciscdecreasedcbyc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- LHF,cpulmonary
edema,c pulmonar
ycfibrosis

LungcComplianceciscincreasedcbyc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- emphysema,cage

ObesitycaffectscERVcandcFRCc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- DECREASE

,ERVc&cFRC

Bloodcflow/minc(pulmonarycvcsystemic)c---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- pulmonaryc=
systemic

Anatomiccpulmonarycshuntingc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- Bronchialccirculation
causes
*decreasedcPO2cincLA/LV*cth
ancincpulmonaryccapillaries

Morecventilationciscatcthec---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- BASE

O2-HgbcdissociationcLEFTcshiftc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- basic,ccold,clowc2,3cBPG
lowcpO2c(compensatorycerythrocytosis)

O2-HgbcdissociationcRIGHTcshiftc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- lowcpH,chighc2,3BPG,
highcT
HOT,cACIDIC

CO2ctransportctoclungsc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ----------*carboniccanhydrase*
Clcshift
*Haldane*:cCO2creleasedctoclungc(*Bo
hr*:cO2creleasectoctissue)

COcpoisoningccausesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- carboxyhemoglobin
nocaffectconcPaO2

Cyanidecpoisoningccausesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- lacticcacidosis

Howctoctreatccyanidecpoisoningc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ----------*Amylcnitrite*c-->
Methemoglobin
THENc*Thiosulfate*c(hydroxycobalamin)

NormalcA-acgradientc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- 5-15

Hypoventilation:cHeroincODcorchighcaltitude

IncreasedcA-acgradientc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- *Diffusioncimpairment*c(fibrosis)
*R-Lcshunt*c(aspiration,cARDS)
*V/Qcmismatch*c(pulmonarycedema

ATc-->cATcII
wherecandchowc---------cCorrectcAnswerc---------- ACE
(-
chighcincsarcoidosis)cInc

smallcpulmonarycbV

,C5acinducescwhatc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- PMNcinfluxc(ie:cinclungs)

Korotkoffcsoundc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- BPccuffc-cappearcandcdisappear
incinflation/deflation

PulsuscParadoxusc---------cCorrectcAnswerc -------- 10mmHgcdifferencecin
Korotkoffcsound

PulsuscParadoxuscoccurscinc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- CardiaccTamponade

Kussmaulcsignc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- JVPcrisesc*duringcinspiration*
ConstrictivecPericardiditis

Restrictive/InterstitialcLungcDisease:
A-a,cFVC,cFEV1,cEFRc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ----------Airwaycwideningcduectoc*radial
traction*cfromcfibrosis
*increasecAa*cdecrease
dcFVCc&cFEV1
*IncreasedcEFR*

Sarcoidosisc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- *Th1c*noncaseatingcgranulmona
bilateralchilarcadenopathyc
increasedc*ACE*cincreas
edcIL2,cIFNg
1-a-hydroxylasecincmacrophages:cvitcDc-->c*HyperCa*

HypercCaccausesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- stones,cthrones,cgroans,cpsych
overtones

1-a-hydroxylasecincmacrophagesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- PTHcindependent
conversioncof
Calcifediolctoc*calcitriol*c(bioactivecVitcD)

VitcDc-->cHypercCa

Idiopathiccpulmonarycfibrosisc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ----------*Honeycomb*cpattern
losscofcTypec1cpneumocytes
*hyperplasiacTypecII*cpneumocytes

Goodpasturec---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------HScII
Auto-AbcagainstcBMcdestroysclungcalveolic(*restrictive*)candcrenalcglomeruli

ObstructivecLungcDiseasec---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- DECREASEDcFEV1,
DecreasedcFVCcincrease
dcRV,cFRC,cTLC
**differentcshape

, COPDc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- PMN,cmo,cCD8

*V/Qcmismatch:*cO2cinducedchypercapnia;cph
ysiocdeadcspace

Myeloperoxidaseccausesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- Greencsputum/pus

DocnotcgivecO2csupplementctoc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- COPDcpatient
Decreasedcstimulationcof
*carotidcbodies*c=cdecreasedcRR

TXcCOPDcwithc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- *Fluticasone*c(glucocorticoid)
inhibitccellularcreaction

a1-antitrypsincdeficiencyc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ----------Serinecproteasecinhibitor

*LIVER*
*LUNG*:cinccPMNcelastasec-->cemphysema

Asthmacdxc---------cCorrectcAnswerc--------- *Methacholine*c(maCh)cchallenge
=cinducecbronchoconstrictionc
tocreducecFEV1
+ctestc=cAirwayscAREcreactive

B2cagonistcMOAc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- B2c(Gs)c-->cACc-->cincreasec*cAMP*

CorticosteroidcMOAc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------inhibitccytokinecsynthesis
suppresscTclymphocyte

mAChcAntagonistc("tropium")cMOAc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ----------*inhibitcVagal*cviacACh
-->cdecreasedcCa

OSAccausesc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- pulmonarycHTNcandcRHF
increasescEPOcwhichcworsenscHTN

EPOccancdocwhat
oncCardiovascularc---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------worsencHTN

PulmonarycArterialcHTNc---------cCorrectcAnswerc --------- *BMPR2*
Highc*endothelin*,cLowcNO
SMCchypertophy,cfibrosis,cnarrowclumen
*P2clouder*cthancA2

WhenciscP2cloudercthancA2c---------cCorrectcAnswerc ---------- PulmonarycArtherial
Hypertension