TEST BANK A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th E
g g g g g g g g
dition by Hurley
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Chapter 1 to 14g g g
,Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
1. Basic Concepts.
g g
Arguments,gPremises,gandgConclusions.gExercise.gRecognizinggArguments.gExercise.gDeductiongandgInduction.gExercise.gValidity,gTruth,gSoundness,
ength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
g g g g
VarietiesgofgMeaning.gExercise.gThegIntensiongandgExtensiongofgTerms.gExercise.gDefinitionsgandgTheirgPurposes.gExercise.gDefinitionalgTechniques
xercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
g g
FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,gAmbiguity,gandg
citgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
4. Categorical Propositions.
g g
ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,gQuantity,handgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegModerngSquaregofgO
osition.gExercise.gConversion,gObversion,gandgContraposition.gExercise.gThegTraditionalgSquaregofgOpposition.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegT
ditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCategoricalgForm.gExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
g g
StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergofgTerms.gExercise.g
dinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.gExercise.gIndire
TruthgTables.gExercise.gArgumenthFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
g g g g g
RulesgofgImplicationgI.gExercise.gRulesgofhImplicationgII.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementhI.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementgII.gExercise.gConditionalgP
of.gExercise.gIndirecthProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgandgIndirectgProof.gEx
cise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicateshandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.gExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
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9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
g g g g g g
AnalogicalgReasoning.gLegalgReasoning.gMoralgReasoning.gExercise.
,10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
g g g g
"Cause"gandgNecessarygandgSufficienthConditions.gMill'shFivegMethods.gMill'shMethodsgandgScience.gExercise.
11. Probability.
g
Theoriesg ofg Probability.gTheg ProbabilitygCalculus.g Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
g g
EvaluatinggStatistics.gSamples.gThegMeaninggofg"Average."gDispersion.gGraphsgandgPictograms.gPercentages.gExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
g g
ThegHypotheticalgMethod.gHypotheticalgReasoning:gFourgExamplesgfromgScience.gThegProofgofgHypotheses.gThegTentativegAcceptancegofgHypothe
es.gExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
g g g
DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.gAnsw
ersgtogSelectedgExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
g g g
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsgan
dgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.
1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygaregworkingg
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypicalgwo
mangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsideredgunplea
sant.gToday,gwithgmengworkinggless,gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gFortygyearsgagog...ganhactivitygconsideredgunpleasant.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gTheregappearsgtogbeh...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e. Argument;gconclusion:g Womengtodaygareg workinggmoreg andgrelaxingg less.
ANS:g D PTS:g 2
2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbuthdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgishtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmet
alsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitginterferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatgregulategbloodgpressureg(which
gcangcausegdevelopmentgdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemegproductiong(whichgc
angleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgthatgtransmitg
electricalgimpulseshingthegbrain,gwhichgdiminishesgthegabilitygtogthinkhandgrecallginformation.
AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItginterferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgishtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gIthpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmetalsgingbiochemicalg reactions.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS:g 2
3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogchoosegthegpr
opergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemoti
ongandgactiongweregvices.gInhallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghavegthegcap
acitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthatgtheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowgtheg"rightgrule"gwhateve
rgthegsituation.
DavidgCooper,gValuehPluralismgandgEthicalgChoice
a. Argument;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gAristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconcepthofgvirtuegitself.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gTheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowg...gthegsituation.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousg...gweregvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS:g 2
4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalgincomegtaxg
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountgthesegmerc
hantsgpaygingtaxes.gIngaddition,gtheygworkhforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtheirgemploye
rsgandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegalgimmigrantshcont
ributegnothinggtogthegcommunitieshingwhichgtheyglive.
a. Argument;gconclusion:g Itgisgnotgcorrectg togsayg...gcommunitiesg ingwhichgtheyglive.
1
g g g g g g g g
dition by Hurley
g g
Chapter 1 to 14g g g
,Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
1. Basic Concepts.
g g
Arguments,gPremises,gandgConclusions.gExercise.gRecognizinggArguments.gExercise.gDeductiongandgInduction.gExercise.gValidity,gTruth,gSoundness,
ength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
g g g g
VarietiesgofgMeaning.gExercise.gThegIntensiongandgExtensiongofgTerms.gExercise.gDefinitionsgandgTheirgPurposes.gExercise.gDefinitionalgTechniques
xercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
g g
FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,gAmbiguity,gandg
citgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
4. Categorical Propositions.
g g
ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,gQuantity,handgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegModerngSquaregofgO
osition.gExercise.gConversion,gObversion,gandgContraposition.gExercise.gThegTraditionalgSquaregofgOpposition.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegT
ditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCategoricalgForm.gExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
g g
StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergofgTerms.gExercise.g
dinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.gExercise.gIndire
TruthgTables.gExercise.gArgumenthFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
g g g g g
RulesgofgImplicationgI.gExercise.gRulesgofhImplicationgII.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementhI.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementgII.gExercise.gConditionalgP
of.gExercise.gIndirecthProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgandgIndirectgProof.gEx
cise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicateshandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.gExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
g g g
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
g g g g g g
AnalogicalgReasoning.gLegalgReasoning.gMoralgReasoning.gExercise.
,10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
g g g g
"Cause"gandgNecessarygandgSufficienthConditions.gMill'shFivegMethods.gMill'shMethodsgandgScience.gExercise.
11. Probability.
g
Theoriesg ofg Probability.gTheg ProbabilitygCalculus.g Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
g g
EvaluatinggStatistics.gSamples.gThegMeaninggofg"Average."gDispersion.gGraphsgandgPictograms.gPercentages.gExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
g g
ThegHypotheticalgMethod.gHypotheticalgReasoning:gFourgExamplesgfromgScience.gThegProofgofgHypotheses.gThegTentativegAcceptancegofgHypothe
es.gExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
g g g
DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.gAnsw
ersgtogSelectedgExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
g g g
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsgan
dgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.
1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygaregworkingg
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypicalgwo
mangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsideredgunplea
sant.gToday,gwithgmengworkinggless,gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gFortygyearsgagog...ganhactivitygconsideredgunpleasant.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gTheregappearsgtogbeh...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e. Argument;gconclusion:g Womengtodaygareg workinggmoreg andgrelaxingg less.
ANS:g D PTS:g 2
2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbuthdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgishtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmet
alsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitginterferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatgregulategbloodgpressureg(which
gcangcausegdevelopmentgdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemegproductiong(whichgc
angleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgthatgtransmitg
electricalgimpulseshingthegbrain,gwhichgdiminishesgthegabilitygtogthinkhandgrecallginformation.
AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItginterferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgishtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gIthpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmetalsgingbiochemicalg reactions.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS:g 2
3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogchoosegthegpr
opergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemoti
ongandgactiongweregvices.gInhallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghavegthegcap
acitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthatgtheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowgtheg"rightgrule"gwhateve
rgthegsituation.
DavidgCooper,gValuehPluralismgandgEthicalgChoice
a. Argument;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gAristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconcepthofgvirtuegitself.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gTheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowg...gthegsituation.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousg...gweregvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS:g 2
4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalgincomegtaxg
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountgthesegmerc
hantsgpaygingtaxes.gIngaddition,gtheygworkhforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtheirgemploye
rsgandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegalgimmigrantshcont
ributegnothinggtogthegcommunitieshingwhichgtheyglive.
a. Argument;gconclusion:g Itgisgnotgcorrectg togsayg...gcommunitiesg ingwhichgtheyglive.
1
