APSp323:pBEHAVIOURpMODIFICTION
INTRODUCTION
WelcomeptopthispmoduleponpBehaviorpModification.pYoupwerepintroducedptopthepconceptspofpCl
assicalpandpOperantptechniquespinpfirstpyearpofpstudypandpinpthepsubsequentpyearspsopthepconcept
spinpthispcoursepwillpnotpbepentirelypnew.pThepkeyppurposepofpthispmodulepwillpequippyoupwithpbe
haviorpmodificationpskillspandptechniquespinporderptophelppyoupdeveloppapknowledgepbasepinphu
manplearningpandpbehaviorpchangepwhichpispessentialpinpinformingpyourpprofessionalpinteraction
p withpclientspduringppracticumpandpbeyond.p
Topbeginpwith,panpintroductionptopBehaviorpmodificationpthatpfocusesponpwhatpbehaviorpmodific
ationpispandpthephistoricalpdevelopmentpofpthepfieldpofpbehaviorpmodification.pThispwillphelppyou
p understandpthepbasispofpbehaviorpmodificationpandphowpitpcanpbepappliedpinpreducingpunwantedp
behavior,pincreasingpdesirablepbehaviorpandpinitiatingpnewpbehaviors.ppTheppurposepofpthispcour
sepisptopequipptheplearnerpwithpknowledgeponpthepbasicpparadigmspofpclassicalpconditioningpandp
operantpconditioningpandpassumptionspunderlyingpbehaviorpmodification.pThepcoursepwillpalsop
helpptheplearnerpinpbeingpableptopapplypthepbasicpprinciplespofplearningpinpbehaviorpmodificationp
andptopbepableptopapplypbehaviorpmodificationpstrategiespacrosspapvarietypofpsettings.p
It’ spimportantpforpyouptopunderstandpthatpthispispappracticalpmodulepthatpispbestpcoveredpthroughp
apfaceptopfacepinteraction.ppNowpthatpyouparepdoingpitpthroughpapblendedpmode,pyouparepencourag
edptopinteractpwithpthepmodulepactively.pAspyoupread,pimaginepapclientpbeforepyou,pandpreflectpon
p howpyoupwouldpapplypthepskillspandptechniquespthatpyoupareplearningpwithpsuchpapclient.ppYoupn
eedptopgainpmasterypofpthispmodulepotherwisepyoupwillpstrugglepwithphelpingpthepclientspthatpyou
p workpwithpmodifyptheirpbehaviorpwhenpyouparepfinallypreleasedpintopthepfield.ppThispispbecausepy
oupwillpusepthesepbehaviorpmodificationpskillspandptechniquespwithpallptypespofpclients.pWephope
p thatpyoupwillpenjoypyourselfpaspyoupinteractpwithpthepmodule.p
, WEEKLYpFLOWpCHART
WEEK TOPIC
WeekpOne Introductionptopbehaviorpmodification
WeekpTwo BeginningspofpBehaviorpModification
WeekpThree MeasurementpofpBehaviorpandpBehaviorpChange
WeekpFour BasicpPrinciples/Techniques
WeekpFivepandpSix ProceduresptopEstablishpandpIncreasepDesirablepBehavior
WeekpsevenpandpEight ProceduresptopDecreasepUndesirablepBehaviorp
WeekpNinepandpTen OtherpBehaviorpChangepProcedures
Weekp11pandp12p Examinationp
COURSEpOVERVIEW
Weekp0:pIntroductionp(YourpContext,pYourpGoals)
Thisplessonpispintendedptophelppyoupacclimatizeptopblendedplearningpandptopcreatepapcommunitypo
fplearnerspwhopwillpmotivatepeachpotherpduringpthepcourse.ppYoupwillpbeprequiredptopintroducepyo
urselfptopyourplecturerpandpcolleaguespeitherpphysicallypduringpapfaceptopfacepsessionporpevenponl
inepbeforepotherpacademicpinteractionspstart.pThispwillpbepatpthepdiscretionpofpindividualpuniversi
tiespandplecturers.pItpwillpbepimportantptopalsopstatepyourpcontextpandpgoalspaspwellpaspwhatpyoupt
hinkpaboutpbusinesses.pYoupcanpalsopsharepanypexperiencepthatpyoupmayphavepregardingpbusines
ses.p
ii
,Weekpone
Inpthispfirstpweekpwepbeginpbyplookingpatpapbasicpintroductionptopbehaviorpmodification,pdefinin
gpbehaviorpmodification,punderstandingpthepcharacteristicspofpbehaviorpmodificationpandpthepare
aspinpwhichpbehaviorpmodificationpcanpbepapplied.pTheppurposepofpthisplessonpisptophelppyoupund
erstandpthepbasicpdefinitionspofpbehaviorpmodification.p
Weekptwo
Inpthisplesson,pwepexplorepthephistoricalprootspofpbehaviorpmodification,pthepprinciplespofpbehavi
orpmodificationpandpthepbehaviorpmodificationpprocess.pTheppurposepofpthisplessonpisptophelppyo
upunderstandpthephistoricalpdevelopmentpofpthepschoolpofpbehaviorismpandpitspcurrentpapplicatio
nspinpthepworkpthatpwepdopwithpourpclients.
Weekpthree
Thisplessonpfocusesponpmeasurementpofpbehaviorpandpbehaviorpchange.pWepwillplookpatpobservi
ngpandprecordingpbehavior,pdefiningptheptargetpbehavior,plogisticspofprecordingpbehavior,pchoosi
ngpaprecordingpmethodpandpinstrumentpandpfinallypgraphingpbehavioralpdata.pTheppurposepofpthi
splessonpisptophelppyoupunderstandphowptopmeasurepbehaviorpchange.
WeekpFourp
Inpthisplesson,pwepintroducepyouptopthepbasicpprinciplespandptechniquespofpbehaviorpmodification
.pWepwillpfocusponpthepprinciplespofpreinforcement,pextinction,ppunishment,pstimuluspcontrolpan
dprespondentpconditioning.p
WeekpFivepandpSixp
Overpthepnextptwopweekspwepwillpfocusponpthepvariouspproceduresptopestablishpandpincreasepdesi
rablepbehavior.pWepwillpfocusponpthepfollowingpprocedures;pdifferentialpreinforcement,pshaping,
p promptingpandptransferpofpstimuluspcontrol,pchaining,pbehavioralpskillsptraining,pgeneralizationp
andpantecedentpcontrolpprocedures.p
WeekpSevenpandpEight
Thepnextptwopweekspwillpfocusponpproceduresptopdecreasepundesirablepbehavior.ppWepwillplookpa
tpunderstandingpproblempbehaviorspthroughpfunctionalpassessment,papplyingpextinction,pdiffere
iii
, ntialpreinforcementptopdecreasepproblempbehaviors,pantecedentpmanipulationsptopdecreasepprobl
empbehaviorspandpusingppunishment.p
WeekpNinepandpTen
Thesepfinalptwopweekspwepwillplookpatpotherpbehaviorpchangepprocedurespandphowptheypcanpbepu
sedptopmodifypbehavior.pWepwillpalsoplookpatpthepfactorspthatpinfluenceptheirpeffectiveness.pWep
willpfocusponphabitpreversalpprocedures,ptheptokenpeconomy,pbehavioralpcontracts,pfearpandpanxi
etypreductionpprocedurespcognitivepbehaviorpmodificationpandpself-managementpprocedures
WeekpElevenpandpTwelve
Theseptwopweekspbringptogetherpthepworkpyouphavepbeenpdoingptopanpend.ppThispcoursepunitpwillp
bepexaminedpandpwillppartiallypcontributeptopthepawardpofpthepdegreepinpthepprogrammepthatpyoup
arepundertaking.pWepacknowledgepthatpdifferentpuniversitiespacrosspEastpAfricapmayphavepdiffer
entpSemesterpdates.pItpisphoweverpanticipatedpthatpmostpUniversitiespwillphavepapminimumpofp13p
weeks’ psemester.pWephavepthereforepplacedpexaminationspinptheplastptwopweekspbutpUniversiti
esparepallowedptopgopwithptheirpschedules.pYourpuniversitypexaminationspregulationspwillpapply.p
MODULEpLEARNINGpOUTCOMES
Bypthependpofpthispmodule,pyoupwillpbepablepto:p
1. ApplypconceptspandptheoriespofpBehaviourpModification/BehaviourpTherapy
2. Applypthesepconceptspandptheoriespthroughpgrouppdiscussionspandpanalysingpownpandpot
herspindividualpandpgrouppbehaviour.
3. Connectpconceptspandptheoriesptoprealpworldpissuespandpeventspthroughpapplyingpreading
p materialptopdiscussionpexercisespandppersonalpexperiencepandpdesigningpone’ spownpbe
haviourpchangepprogram.
4. Applypbehaviourpmodificationpstrategiespacrosspvarietypofpsettingspsuchpaspapplyingpcou
rsepmaterialptopclasspdiscussionpandpwritingponepresearchppaperponpaprelatedptopic
COURSEpDESCRIPTION
ThispispapcorepcoursepunitpthatpshouldpbepundertakenpbypallpstudentspwhopareppursuingpapBachelo
rpofpArtspdegreepinpCounsellingpPsychologypandpPsychology.pTheprationalepofpthispcoursepisptope
quippyoupwithpthepknowledgepofpBehaviorpModificationpskillspwhichparepverypcriticalpforpallppro
fessionalpcounsellorspandppsychologists.pThispcorepunitpispusuallyptakenpduringpthepfirstpsemeste
iv
INTRODUCTION
WelcomeptopthispmoduleponpBehaviorpModification.pYoupwerepintroducedptopthepconceptspofpCl
assicalpandpOperantptechniquespinpfirstpyearpofpstudypandpinpthepsubsequentpyearspsopthepconcept
spinpthispcoursepwillpnotpbepentirelypnew.pThepkeyppurposepofpthispmodulepwillpequippyoupwithpbe
haviorpmodificationpskillspandptechniquespinporderptophelppyoupdeveloppapknowledgepbasepinphu
manplearningpandpbehaviorpchangepwhichpispessentialpinpinformingpyourpprofessionalpinteraction
p withpclientspduringppracticumpandpbeyond.p
Topbeginpwith,panpintroductionptopBehaviorpmodificationpthatpfocusesponpwhatpbehaviorpmodific
ationpispandpthephistoricalpdevelopmentpofpthepfieldpofpbehaviorpmodification.pThispwillphelppyou
p understandpthepbasispofpbehaviorpmodificationpandphowpitpcanpbepappliedpinpreducingpunwantedp
behavior,pincreasingpdesirablepbehaviorpandpinitiatingpnewpbehaviors.ppTheppurposepofpthispcour
sepisptopequipptheplearnerpwithpknowledgeponpthepbasicpparadigmspofpclassicalpconditioningpandp
operantpconditioningpandpassumptionspunderlyingpbehaviorpmodification.pThepcoursepwillpalsop
helpptheplearnerpinpbeingpableptopapplypthepbasicpprinciplespofplearningpinpbehaviorpmodificationp
andptopbepableptopapplypbehaviorpmodificationpstrategiespacrosspapvarietypofpsettings.p
It’ spimportantpforpyouptopunderstandpthatpthispispappracticalpmodulepthatpispbestpcoveredpthroughp
apfaceptopfacepinteraction.ppNowpthatpyouparepdoingpitpthroughpapblendedpmode,pyouparepencourag
edptopinteractpwithpthepmodulepactively.pAspyoupread,pimaginepapclientpbeforepyou,pandpreflectpon
p howpyoupwouldpapplypthepskillspandptechniquespthatpyoupareplearningpwithpsuchpapclient.ppYoupn
eedptopgainpmasterypofpthispmodulepotherwisepyoupwillpstrugglepwithphelpingpthepclientspthatpyou
p workpwithpmodifyptheirpbehaviorpwhenpyouparepfinallypreleasedpintopthepfield.ppThispispbecausepy
oupwillpusepthesepbehaviorpmodificationpskillspandptechniquespwithpallptypespofpclients.pWephope
p thatpyoupwillpenjoypyourselfpaspyoupinteractpwithpthepmodule.p
, WEEKLYpFLOWpCHART
WEEK TOPIC
WeekpOne Introductionptopbehaviorpmodification
WeekpTwo BeginningspofpBehaviorpModification
WeekpThree MeasurementpofpBehaviorpandpBehaviorpChange
WeekpFour BasicpPrinciples/Techniques
WeekpFivepandpSix ProceduresptopEstablishpandpIncreasepDesirablepBehavior
WeekpsevenpandpEight ProceduresptopDecreasepUndesirablepBehaviorp
WeekpNinepandpTen OtherpBehaviorpChangepProcedures
Weekp11pandp12p Examinationp
COURSEpOVERVIEW
Weekp0:pIntroductionp(YourpContext,pYourpGoals)
Thisplessonpispintendedptophelppyoupacclimatizeptopblendedplearningpandptopcreatepapcommunitypo
fplearnerspwhopwillpmotivatepeachpotherpduringpthepcourse.ppYoupwillpbeprequiredptopintroducepyo
urselfptopyourplecturerpandpcolleaguespeitherpphysicallypduringpapfaceptopfacepsessionporpevenponl
inepbeforepotherpacademicpinteractionspstart.pThispwillpbepatpthepdiscretionpofpindividualpuniversi
tiespandplecturers.pItpwillpbepimportantptopalsopstatepyourpcontextpandpgoalspaspwellpaspwhatpyoupt
hinkpaboutpbusinesses.pYoupcanpalsopsharepanypexperiencepthatpyoupmayphavepregardingpbusines
ses.p
ii
,Weekpone
Inpthispfirstpweekpwepbeginpbyplookingpatpapbasicpintroductionptopbehaviorpmodification,pdefinin
gpbehaviorpmodification,punderstandingpthepcharacteristicspofpbehaviorpmodificationpandpthepare
aspinpwhichpbehaviorpmodificationpcanpbepapplied.pTheppurposepofpthisplessonpisptophelppyoupund
erstandpthepbasicpdefinitionspofpbehaviorpmodification.p
Weekptwo
Inpthisplesson,pwepexplorepthephistoricalprootspofpbehaviorpmodification,pthepprinciplespofpbehavi
orpmodificationpandpthepbehaviorpmodificationpprocess.pTheppurposepofpthisplessonpisptophelppyo
upunderstandpthephistoricalpdevelopmentpofpthepschoolpofpbehaviorismpandpitspcurrentpapplicatio
nspinpthepworkpthatpwepdopwithpourpclients.
Weekpthree
Thisplessonpfocusesponpmeasurementpofpbehaviorpandpbehaviorpchange.pWepwillplookpatpobservi
ngpandprecordingpbehavior,pdefiningptheptargetpbehavior,plogisticspofprecordingpbehavior,pchoosi
ngpaprecordingpmethodpandpinstrumentpandpfinallypgraphingpbehavioralpdata.pTheppurposepofpthi
splessonpisptophelppyoupunderstandphowptopmeasurepbehaviorpchange.
WeekpFourp
Inpthisplesson,pwepintroducepyouptopthepbasicpprinciplespandptechniquespofpbehaviorpmodification
.pWepwillpfocusponpthepprinciplespofpreinforcement,pextinction,ppunishment,pstimuluspcontrolpan
dprespondentpconditioning.p
WeekpFivepandpSixp
Overpthepnextptwopweekspwepwillpfocusponpthepvariouspproceduresptopestablishpandpincreasepdesi
rablepbehavior.pWepwillpfocusponpthepfollowingpprocedures;pdifferentialpreinforcement,pshaping,
p promptingpandptransferpofpstimuluspcontrol,pchaining,pbehavioralpskillsptraining,pgeneralizationp
andpantecedentpcontrolpprocedures.p
WeekpSevenpandpEight
Thepnextptwopweekspwillpfocusponpproceduresptopdecreasepundesirablepbehavior.ppWepwillplookpa
tpunderstandingpproblempbehaviorspthroughpfunctionalpassessment,papplyingpextinction,pdiffere
iii
, ntialpreinforcementptopdecreasepproblempbehaviors,pantecedentpmanipulationsptopdecreasepprobl
empbehaviorspandpusingppunishment.p
WeekpNinepandpTen
Thesepfinalptwopweekspwepwillplookpatpotherpbehaviorpchangepprocedurespandphowptheypcanpbepu
sedptopmodifypbehavior.pWepwillpalsoplookpatpthepfactorspthatpinfluenceptheirpeffectiveness.pWep
willpfocusponphabitpreversalpprocedures,ptheptokenpeconomy,pbehavioralpcontracts,pfearpandpanxi
etypreductionpprocedurespcognitivepbehaviorpmodificationpandpself-managementpprocedures
WeekpElevenpandpTwelve
Theseptwopweekspbringptogetherpthepworkpyouphavepbeenpdoingptopanpend.ppThispcoursepunitpwillp
bepexaminedpandpwillppartiallypcontributeptopthepawardpofpthepdegreepinpthepprogrammepthatpyoup
arepundertaking.pWepacknowledgepthatpdifferentpuniversitiespacrosspEastpAfricapmayphavepdiffer
entpSemesterpdates.pItpisphoweverpanticipatedpthatpmostpUniversitiespwillphavepapminimumpofp13p
weeks’ psemester.pWephavepthereforepplacedpexaminationspinptheplastptwopweekspbutpUniversiti
esparepallowedptopgopwithptheirpschedules.pYourpuniversitypexaminationspregulationspwillpapply.p
MODULEpLEARNINGpOUTCOMES
Bypthependpofpthispmodule,pyoupwillpbepablepto:p
1. ApplypconceptspandptheoriespofpBehaviourpModification/BehaviourpTherapy
2. Applypthesepconceptspandptheoriespthroughpgrouppdiscussionspandpanalysingpownpandpot
herspindividualpandpgrouppbehaviour.
3. Connectpconceptspandptheoriesptoprealpworldpissuespandpeventspthroughpapplyingpreading
p materialptopdiscussionpexercisespandppersonalpexperiencepandpdesigningpone’ spownpbe
haviourpchangepprogram.
4. Applypbehaviourpmodificationpstrategiespacrosspvarietypofpsettingspsuchpaspapplyingpcou
rsepmaterialptopclasspdiscussionpandpwritingponepresearchppaperponpaprelatedptopic
COURSEpDESCRIPTION
ThispispapcorepcoursepunitpthatpshouldpbepundertakenpbypallpstudentspwhopareppursuingpapBachelo
rpofpArtspdegreepinpCounsellingpPsychologypandpPsychology.pTheprationalepofpthispcoursepisptope
quippyoupwithpthepknowledgepofpBehaviorpModificationpskillspwhichparepverypcriticalpforpallppro
fessionalpcounsellorspandppsychologists.pThispcorepunitpispusuallyptakenpduringpthepfirstpsemeste
iv
