NS 832 Exam 1 (answered) 152
Questions And Correct Answers.
2025/2026.
Most common cause of red eye
conjunctivitis
Causes of acute vision loss
closed-angle glaucoma
trauma
migraine
retinal hemorrhage
stoke
corneal ulcer
Causes of gradual vision loss
cataracts
corneal opacities
open-angle glaucoma
macular degeneration
pituitary tumor
retinal detachment
Patho of cataracts
opacification of the lens causes progressive vision loss with increasing age
Subjective findings of cataracts
-non-painful, progressive loss of vision
-blurred/hazy vision
-haloes or glares from bright lights (driving at night)
Objective findings of cataracts
-no redness
-pupils constrict normal to light
-hazy optic nerve
and retina
Management of cataracts
-lifestyle changes (no driving at night, magnifiers, visual aids)
-eyeglasses
-no pharmacological treatment
When to refer for cataracts?
,-when vision loss becomes severe enough that patient's needs can no longer be met
-ophthamologist for surgical cataract extraction
Patho of Blepharitis
-inflammation of the eyelids
-s.aureus
-meibomian gland dysfunction
Subjective findings of blepharitis
-burning
-foreign body sensation
-tearing
-photophobia
-itching
-redness
-discharge
-swollen eyelids
-development of hordeolum or chalaziom
What is a hordeolum?
-eyelid lesion characterized by tenderness, erythema, edema of eyelids, warmth
-treat with warm compress
What is a chalazion?
-chronic, painless lump on eyelid
-treat with warm compress
Management of blepharitis
-lid hygiene (warm compress, lid scrub)
-antibiotic ointment (erythromycin or bacitracin)
-artificial tears
Objective findings of blepharitis
-eye redness
-greasy/oily secretions on eyelashes
-fine ulcerations at base of eyelash
-tobrimycin 0.3% antimicrobial for s. aureus infection
Patho of viral conjuntivits
-spread by direct contact
-highly contagious
-likely recent URI
Patho of allergic conjunctivitis
-hay fever
-secondary to environmental allergens (ragweed)
, Patho of bacterial conjuntivitis
-hand-eye contact of infected individual
-similar to viral
Subjective findings of viral conjuntivits
-acute onset eye redness
-excessive watery drainage
-usually begins in one eye and gradually spreads to other one
Objective findings of viral conjunctivits
-lower eyelid redness
-follicles/clear bumps in eyelid
-possible systemic symptoms (fever, HA, sore throat)
-lymphadenopathy
Subjective findings of bacterial conjunctivits
-thick, purulent drainage
-both eyes sticky, glued shut
-worse in AM
Subjective findings of allergic conjunctivits
-associated HA, fatigue
-family history of allergies
-itching!!
-clear, stringy, white discharge
-boggy conjuntiva
Management of viral conjunctivitis
-self-limited
-supportive cares (artificial tears, cool compress)
-contagious as long as they are still tearing (up to one week)
Management of bacterial conjunctivitis
-dont always need topical ABX
-only if no improvement over a week or if high risk
Management of allergic conjunctivitis
-identify and eliminate allergens
-PO antihistamine
-supportive cares (artificial tears, cold compress)
Patho of preseptal and orbital cellulitis
infection from:
-local spread (sinuses)
-skin lacerations, bug bites
Questions And Correct Answers.
2025/2026.
Most common cause of red eye
conjunctivitis
Causes of acute vision loss
closed-angle glaucoma
trauma
migraine
retinal hemorrhage
stoke
corneal ulcer
Causes of gradual vision loss
cataracts
corneal opacities
open-angle glaucoma
macular degeneration
pituitary tumor
retinal detachment
Patho of cataracts
opacification of the lens causes progressive vision loss with increasing age
Subjective findings of cataracts
-non-painful, progressive loss of vision
-blurred/hazy vision
-haloes or glares from bright lights (driving at night)
Objective findings of cataracts
-no redness
-pupils constrict normal to light
-hazy optic nerve
and retina
Management of cataracts
-lifestyle changes (no driving at night, magnifiers, visual aids)
-eyeglasses
-no pharmacological treatment
When to refer for cataracts?
,-when vision loss becomes severe enough that patient's needs can no longer be met
-ophthamologist for surgical cataract extraction
Patho of Blepharitis
-inflammation of the eyelids
-s.aureus
-meibomian gland dysfunction
Subjective findings of blepharitis
-burning
-foreign body sensation
-tearing
-photophobia
-itching
-redness
-discharge
-swollen eyelids
-development of hordeolum or chalaziom
What is a hordeolum?
-eyelid lesion characterized by tenderness, erythema, edema of eyelids, warmth
-treat with warm compress
What is a chalazion?
-chronic, painless lump on eyelid
-treat with warm compress
Management of blepharitis
-lid hygiene (warm compress, lid scrub)
-antibiotic ointment (erythromycin or bacitracin)
-artificial tears
Objective findings of blepharitis
-eye redness
-greasy/oily secretions on eyelashes
-fine ulcerations at base of eyelash
-tobrimycin 0.3% antimicrobial for s. aureus infection
Patho of viral conjuntivits
-spread by direct contact
-highly contagious
-likely recent URI
Patho of allergic conjunctivitis
-hay fever
-secondary to environmental allergens (ragweed)
, Patho of bacterial conjuntivitis
-hand-eye contact of infected individual
-similar to viral
Subjective findings of viral conjuntivits
-acute onset eye redness
-excessive watery drainage
-usually begins in one eye and gradually spreads to other one
Objective findings of viral conjunctivits
-lower eyelid redness
-follicles/clear bumps in eyelid
-possible systemic symptoms (fever, HA, sore throat)
-lymphadenopathy
Subjective findings of bacterial conjunctivits
-thick, purulent drainage
-both eyes sticky, glued shut
-worse in AM
Subjective findings of allergic conjunctivits
-associated HA, fatigue
-family history of allergies
-itching!!
-clear, stringy, white discharge
-boggy conjuntiva
Management of viral conjunctivitis
-self-limited
-supportive cares (artificial tears, cool compress)
-contagious as long as they are still tearing (up to one week)
Management of bacterial conjunctivitis
-dont always need topical ABX
-only if no improvement over a week or if high risk
Management of allergic conjunctivitis
-identify and eliminate allergens
-PO antihistamine
-supportive cares (artificial tears, cold compress)
Patho of preseptal and orbital cellulitis
infection from:
-local spread (sinuses)
-skin lacerations, bug bites
