UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
Test Bank for Huether and McCances Understanding Pathop
e e e e e e ee
hysiology, Canadian, 2nd Edition (Power-
e e e e
Kean, 2024), Chapter 1-42 | ALL Chapters
e e e e e e
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
e e e
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
e e e e e e
MULTIPLEeCHOICE
1. Aestudenteiseobservingeaecelleunderetheemicroscope.eIteiseobservedetoehaveesupercoiledeDNAew
ithehistones.eWhicheofetheefollowingewouldealsoebeeobservedebyetheestudent?
a. Aesingleecircularechromosome
b. Aenucleus
c. Free-floatingenuclearematerial
d. Noeorganelles
ANS:e B
Theecelledescribedeiseaeeukaryoticecell,esoeitehasehistoneseandeaesupercoiledeDNAewithineitsenucle
us;ethus,etheenucleuseshouldebeeobserved.eAesingleecircularechromosomeecalledeaeprokaryoteecon
tainsefree-floatingenuclearematerialebutehasenoeorganelles.
REF:e p.e2
2. Aenurseeiseinstructingetheestaffeaboutecellularefunctions.eWhichecellularefunctioneisetheenurseede
scribingewheneaneisolatedecelleabsorbseoxygeneandeuseseitetoetransformenutrientsetoeenergy?
a. Metaboliceabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:e D
Theecell’seabilityetoeabsorbeoxygeneisereferredetoeaserespirationewhileeitsecommunicationeabilityeinvol
vesemaintenanceeofeaesteadyedynamicestate,emetaboliceabsorptioneprovidesenutrition,eandesecretioneal
lowseforetheesynthesizingeofenewesubstances.
REF:e p.e2
3. AeeukaryoticecelleiseundergoingeDNAereplication.eInewhicheregioneofetheecellewouldemosteofeth
eegeneticeinformationebeecontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuseCytoplasm
ANS:e C
Theeregioneofetheecellethatecontainsegeneticematerial,eincludingeaelargeeamounteoferibonucleiceaci
d,emosteofetheeDNA,eandeDNA-
bindingeproteins,eisetheenucleolus,ewhicheiselocatedewithinetheecell’senucleus.eMitochondriaeiseas
sociatedewithecellularerespiration,ewhileeribosomeseareeinvolvedewitheproteinemanufacturing.eC
ytoplasmeiseaefluidefillingethateiseaecomponenteofetheecell.
REF:e p.e2
, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
4. Whicheofetheefollowingecaneremoveeproteinseattachedetoetheecell’sebilayerebyedissolvingetheela
yereitself?
a. Peripheralemembraneeproteins
b. Integralemembraneeproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celleadhesionemolecules
ANS:e B
Proteinsedirectlyeattachedetoetheemembraneebilayerecanebeeremovedebyetheeactioneofeintegraleme
mbraneeproteinsethatedissolveetheebilayer.ePeripheralemembraneeproteinseresideeatetheesurfaceew
hileecelleadhesionemoleculeseareeonetheeoutsideeofetheemembrane.eGlycoproteinemarksecellseande
doesenotefloat.
REF:e p.e7
5. Whicheofetheefollowingecanebindetoeplasmaemembraneereceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicelipids
d. Ligands
ANS:e D
Ligandseareetheeonlyespecificemoleculesethatecanebindewithereceptorseonetheecellemembrane.
REF:e p.e9
6. Aenurseeisereviewingeaereportefromeaepatientewithemetastaticecancer.eWhatealternationeinetheeex
tracellularematrixewouldes uNp p oRr t et hIe edG
a. Decreasedefibronectin UeSeNeTiagnBo. siC
seofM
metastaticecancer?
b. Increasedecollagen
c. Decreasedeelastin
d. Increasedeglycoproteins
ANS:e A
Onlyeaereducedeamounteofefibronectineisefoundeinesomeetypeseofecancerousecells,eallowingethemet
oetraveleoremetastasize.
REF:e p.e10
7. Whicheformeofecellecommunicationeiseusedetoerelateetoeotherecellseinedirectephysicalecontact?
a. Cellejunction
b. Gapejunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightejunction
ANS:e A
Cellejunctionseholdecellsetogethereandepermitemoleculesetoepassefromecelletoecell.
Gapejunctionsealloweforecellularecommunicationebetweenecells.eNeitheredesmosomesenoretightejuncti
onseareeassociatedewithecellularecommunication.
REF:e p.e11
, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
8. Pancreaticebetaecellsesecreteeinsulin,ewhicheinhibitsesecretioneofeglucagonefromeneighboringea
lphaecells.eThiseactioneiseaneexampleeofewhicheofetheefollowingesignalingetypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:e A
Paracrineesignalingeinvolvesetheereleaseeofelocalechemicalemediatorsethateareequicklyetakeneup,ed
estroyed,eoreimmobilized,easeinetheecaseeofeinsulineandetheeinhibitioneofetheesecretioneofeglucago
n.eNoneeofetheeothereoptionseinvolveesignalingethateiseassociatedewitheaelocalechemicalemediatorel
ikeeinsulin.
REF:e p.e12
9. Inecellularemetabolism,eeacheenzymeehaseaehigheaffinityeforea:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:e B
Eacheenzymeehaseaehigheaffinityeforeaesubstrate,eaespecificesubstanceeconvertedetoeaeproducteofeth
eereaction.eCellularemetabolismeisenotedependenteoneaneattractionebetweeneaneenzymeeandeanyeof
etheeremainingeoptions.
REF:e e p.e16
10. Aneathleteerunseaemarathon,eafterewhichehisemusclesefeelefatiguedeandeunableetoecontract.eTheeath
leteeasksetheenurseewhyethisehappened.eTheenurse’seresponseeisebasedeonetheeknowledgeethatetheep
roblemeiseresulteofeaedeficiencyeof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:e C
WheneATPeisedeficient,eimpairedemuscleecontractioneresults.eNoneeofetheeothereoptionseareeinvol
vedeinemuscleecontraction.
REF:e p.e16
11. WhichephaseeofecatabolismeproducesetheemosteATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citriceacidecycle
ANS:e D
WhileesomeeATPeiseproducededuringetheeoxidationeandeglycolysisephases,emosteofetheeATPeisegenerat
ededuringetheecitriceacidecycle.eDigestionedoesenoteproduceeanyeATP.
, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
REF:e p.e16
12. Aenurseeiseteachingetheestaffeaboutetheephaseseofecellularecatabolism.eWhichephaseseshouldetheen
urseeinclude?
a. Digestion,eglycolysis,eoxidation,eandetheecitriceacidecycle
b. Diffusion,eosmosis,eandemediatedetransport
c. Sephase,eGephase,eandeMephase
d. Metaboliceabsorption,erespiration,eandeexcretion
ANS:e A
Onlyedigestion,eglycolysis,eoxidation,eandetheecitriceacidecycleeareetheephaseseofecellularecataboli
sm.
REF:e e p.e16
13. Aerunnerehasedepletedealletheeoxygeneavailableeforemuscleeenergy.eWhicheofetheefollowingewillefa
cilitateehisecontinuedemuscleeperformance?
a. Electron-transportechain
b. Aerobiceglycolysis
c. Anaerobiceglycolysis
d. Oxidativeephosphorylation
ANS:e C
Whenenoeoxygeneiseavailable,eanaerobiceglycolysiseoccurs.eTheeelectron-
transportechaineiseparteofetheecitriceacidecycle.eAerobiceglycolysiseinvolvesetheepresenceeofeoxyge
n.eOxidativeephosphorylationeisetheemechanismebyewhichetheeenergyeproducedefromecarbohydrat
es,efats,eandeproteinseisetransferredetoeATP.eIteisenoteparteofemuscleeperformance.
REF:e e p.e16
14. Aefacultyemembereaskseaestudentetoeidentifyetheeappropriateetermeforetheemovementeofeaesoluteefr
omeaneareaeofegreateretoelessereconcentration.eWhicheanswereindicatesetheenursingestudenteunder
stoodetheeteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticepressure
d. Activeetransport
ANS:e B
Diffusioneisetheemovementeofeaesoluteemoleculeefromeaneareaeofegreateresoluteeconcentrationetoean
eareaeofelesseresoluteeconcentrationethrougheaepermeableemembrane.eOsmosiseisetheemovementeo
fewatereacrosseaesemipermeableemembraneefromeaeregioneofehigherewatereconcentrationetoeoneeof
elowereconcentration.eHydrostaticepressureeisetheeforceeofefluideagainste aecellemembrane.eIneactiv
eetransport,emoleculesemoveeupeaeconcentrationegradient.
REF:e p.e19
15. Whichedescriptioneaccuratelyedescribeseelectrolytes?
a. Smallelipid-solubleemolecules
b. Largeeproteinemolecules
c. MicronutrientseusedetoeproduceeATP
Test Bank for Huether and McCances Understanding Pathop
e e e e e e ee
hysiology, Canadian, 2nd Edition (Power-
e e e e
Kean, 2024), Chapter 1-42 | ALL Chapters
e e e e e e
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
e e e
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
e e e e e e
MULTIPLEeCHOICE
1. Aestudenteiseobservingeaecelleunderetheemicroscope.eIteiseobservedetoehaveesupercoiledeDNAew
ithehistones.eWhicheofetheefollowingewouldealsoebeeobservedebyetheestudent?
a. Aesingleecircularechromosome
b. Aenucleus
c. Free-floatingenuclearematerial
d. Noeorganelles
ANS:e B
Theecelledescribedeiseaeeukaryoticecell,esoeitehasehistoneseandeaesupercoiledeDNAewithineitsenucle
us;ethus,etheenucleuseshouldebeeobserved.eAesingleecircularechromosomeecalledeaeprokaryoteecon
tainsefree-floatingenuclearematerialebutehasenoeorganelles.
REF:e p.e2
2. Aenurseeiseinstructingetheestaffeaboutecellularefunctions.eWhichecellularefunctioneisetheenurseede
scribingewheneaneisolatedecelleabsorbseoxygeneandeuseseitetoetransformenutrientsetoeenergy?
a. Metaboliceabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:e D
Theecell’seabilityetoeabsorbeoxygeneisereferredetoeaserespirationewhileeitsecommunicationeabilityeinvol
vesemaintenanceeofeaesteadyedynamicestate,emetaboliceabsorptioneprovidesenutrition,eandesecretioneal
lowseforetheesynthesizingeofenewesubstances.
REF:e p.e2
3. AeeukaryoticecelleiseundergoingeDNAereplication.eInewhicheregioneofetheecellewouldemosteofeth
eegeneticeinformationebeecontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuseCytoplasm
ANS:e C
Theeregioneofetheecellethatecontainsegeneticematerial,eincludingeaelargeeamounteoferibonucleiceaci
d,emosteofetheeDNA,eandeDNA-
bindingeproteins,eisetheenucleolus,ewhicheiselocatedewithinetheecell’senucleus.eMitochondriaeiseas
sociatedewithecellularerespiration,ewhileeribosomeseareeinvolvedewitheproteinemanufacturing.eC
ytoplasmeiseaefluidefillingethateiseaecomponenteofetheecell.
REF:e p.e2
, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
4. Whicheofetheefollowingecaneremoveeproteinseattachedetoetheecell’sebilayerebyedissolvingetheela
yereitself?
a. Peripheralemembraneeproteins
b. Integralemembraneeproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celleadhesionemolecules
ANS:e B
Proteinsedirectlyeattachedetoetheemembraneebilayerecanebeeremovedebyetheeactioneofeintegraleme
mbraneeproteinsethatedissolveetheebilayer.ePeripheralemembraneeproteinseresideeatetheesurfaceew
hileecelleadhesionemoleculeseareeonetheeoutsideeofetheemembrane.eGlycoproteinemarksecellseande
doesenotefloat.
REF:e p.e7
5. Whicheofetheefollowingecanebindetoeplasmaemembraneereceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicelipids
d. Ligands
ANS:e D
Ligandseareetheeonlyespecificemoleculesethatecanebindewithereceptorseonetheecellemembrane.
REF:e p.e9
6. Aenurseeisereviewingeaereportefromeaepatientewithemetastaticecancer.eWhatealternationeinetheeex
tracellularematrixewouldes uNp p oRr t et hIe edG
a. Decreasedefibronectin UeSeNeTiagnBo. siC
seofM
metastaticecancer?
b. Increasedecollagen
c. Decreasedeelastin
d. Increasedeglycoproteins
ANS:e A
Onlyeaereducedeamounteofefibronectineisefoundeinesomeetypeseofecancerousecells,eallowingethemet
oetraveleoremetastasize.
REF:e p.e10
7. Whicheformeofecellecommunicationeiseusedetoerelateetoeotherecellseinedirectephysicalecontact?
a. Cellejunction
b. Gapejunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightejunction
ANS:e A
Cellejunctionseholdecellsetogethereandepermitemoleculesetoepassefromecelletoecell.
Gapejunctionsealloweforecellularecommunicationebetweenecells.eNeitheredesmosomesenoretightejuncti
onseareeassociatedewithecellularecommunication.
REF:e p.e11
, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
8. Pancreaticebetaecellsesecreteeinsulin,ewhicheinhibitsesecretioneofeglucagonefromeneighboringea
lphaecells.eThiseactioneiseaneexampleeofewhicheofetheefollowingesignalingetypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:e A
Paracrineesignalingeinvolvesetheereleaseeofelocalechemicalemediatorsethateareequicklyetakeneup,ed
estroyed,eoreimmobilized,easeinetheecaseeofeinsulineandetheeinhibitioneofetheesecretioneofeglucago
n.eNoneeofetheeothereoptionseinvolveesignalingethateiseassociatedewitheaelocalechemicalemediatorel
ikeeinsulin.
REF:e p.e12
9. Inecellularemetabolism,eeacheenzymeehaseaehigheaffinityeforea:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:e B
Eacheenzymeehaseaehigheaffinityeforeaesubstrate,eaespecificesubstanceeconvertedetoeaeproducteofeth
eereaction.eCellularemetabolismeisenotedependenteoneaneattractionebetweeneaneenzymeeandeanyeof
etheeremainingeoptions.
REF:e e p.e16
10. Aneathleteerunseaemarathon,eafterewhichehisemusclesefeelefatiguedeandeunableetoecontract.eTheeath
leteeasksetheenurseewhyethisehappened.eTheenurse’seresponseeisebasedeonetheeknowledgeethatetheep
roblemeiseresulteofeaedeficiencyeof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:e C
WheneATPeisedeficient,eimpairedemuscleecontractioneresults.eNoneeofetheeothereoptionseareeinvol
vedeinemuscleecontraction.
REF:e p.e16
11. WhichephaseeofecatabolismeproducesetheemosteATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citriceacidecycle
ANS:e D
WhileesomeeATPeiseproducededuringetheeoxidationeandeglycolysisephases,emosteofetheeATPeisegenerat
ededuringetheecitriceacidecycle.eDigestionedoesenoteproduceeanyeATP.
, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank
REF:e p.e16
12. Aenurseeiseteachingetheestaffeaboutetheephaseseofecellularecatabolism.eWhichephaseseshouldetheen
urseeinclude?
a. Digestion,eglycolysis,eoxidation,eandetheecitriceacidecycle
b. Diffusion,eosmosis,eandemediatedetransport
c. Sephase,eGephase,eandeMephase
d. Metaboliceabsorption,erespiration,eandeexcretion
ANS:e A
Onlyedigestion,eglycolysis,eoxidation,eandetheecitriceacidecycleeareetheephaseseofecellularecataboli
sm.
REF:e e p.e16
13. Aerunnerehasedepletedealletheeoxygeneavailableeforemuscleeenergy.eWhicheofetheefollowingewillefa
cilitateehisecontinuedemuscleeperformance?
a. Electron-transportechain
b. Aerobiceglycolysis
c. Anaerobiceglycolysis
d. Oxidativeephosphorylation
ANS:e C
Whenenoeoxygeneiseavailable,eanaerobiceglycolysiseoccurs.eTheeelectron-
transportechaineiseparteofetheecitriceacidecycle.eAerobiceglycolysiseinvolvesetheepresenceeofeoxyge
n.eOxidativeephosphorylationeisetheemechanismebyewhichetheeenergyeproducedefromecarbohydrat
es,efats,eandeproteinseisetransferredetoeATP.eIteisenoteparteofemuscleeperformance.
REF:e e p.e16
14. Aefacultyemembereaskseaestudentetoeidentifyetheeappropriateetermeforetheemovementeofeaesoluteefr
omeaneareaeofegreateretoelessereconcentration.eWhicheanswereindicatesetheenursingestudenteunder
stoodetheeteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticepressure
d. Activeetransport
ANS:e B
Diffusioneisetheemovementeofeaesoluteemoleculeefromeaneareaeofegreateresoluteeconcentrationetoean
eareaeofelesseresoluteeconcentrationethrougheaepermeableemembrane.eOsmosiseisetheemovementeo
fewatereacrosseaesemipermeableemembraneefromeaeregioneofehigherewatereconcentrationetoeoneeof
elowereconcentration.eHydrostaticepressureeisetheeforceeofefluideagainste aecellemembrane.eIneactiv
eetransport,emoleculesemoveeupeaeconcentrationegradient.
REF:e p.e19
15. Whichedescriptioneaccuratelyedescribeseelectrolytes?
a. Smallelipid-solubleemolecules
b. Largeeproteinemolecules
c. MicronutrientseusedetoeproduceeATP
