An Introduction To The History Of Psychol
k k k k k k
ogy (Hergenhahn) Latest Edition
k k k
Abelard,kPeterk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔-AkScholastickphilosopherk
-usedkdialectickmethodkonkChristianityk
-akconceptualist.
absolutekthresholdk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
thekweakestkamountkofkakstimuluskthatkakpersonkcankdetectkhalfkthektime
Absolute,kThek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AccordingktokHegel,kthekfundamentalkunitykofkthekuniversektowardkwhichkhumankhistorykpro
gresseskviakthekdialectickprocess.
ActkPsychologyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
FoundedkbykFranzkBrentanokinkoppositionktokstructuralism,kakschoolkofkpsychologykthatkfoc
useskonkwhatkthekmindkdoeskratherkthankwhatkiskcontainedkwithinkit.
Activekmindk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Akmindkthatkactskuponksensorykinputktokgivekitknewkmeaning.
Activekreasonk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
InkAristotle'sksystem,kactivekrefersktokthekcreationkofknewkobjectskofkthought.
AdaptivekActk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Carr'sktermkforkakunitkofkbehaviorkwithkthreekcharacteristics:kakmotive,kankenvironmentalkset
ting,kandkakresponsekthatksatisfieskthekneed.
Adaptivekfeaturesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Characteristicskofkankorganismkdirectlykrelatedktokitsksurvivalkandkreproductionkinkakgivenke
nvironment.
Adequatekstimulationk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
bykJohanneskMüller,keachktypekofksensoryknervekiskmaximallykresponsivektokakcertainkformk
ofkstimulation
Adler,kAlfredk(1870-1937)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AnkearlykfollowerkofkFreudkwhokleftkthekFreudiankcampkandkcreatedkhiskownktheorykofkperso
nality,kwhichkemphasizedkthekconsciouskmindkandkthekindividualkcreationkofkakworldview,kg
uidingkfictions,kandkaklifestylekinkorderktokovercomekfeelingskofkinferioritykandktokseekkperfec
tion.
,AesthetickStagek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AccordingktokKierkegaard,kthekfirstkstagekonkthekroadktokfullkpersonalkfreedom,kcharacterize
dkbykegotismkandkhedonism,kandkendingkinkboredomkandkdespair.
Alcmaeonk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
OnekofkthekfirstkGreekkphysiciansktokmovekawaykfromkthekmagickandksuperstitionkofktemplek
medicinekandktowardkaknaturalistickunderstandingkandktreatmentkofkillness.
AllegorykofkthekCavek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Plato'skdescriptionkofkindividualskwhoklivektheirkliveskinkaccordancekwithkthekshadowskofkrea
litykprovidedkbyksensorykexperiencekinsteadkofkinkaccordancekwithkthektruekrealitykbeyondks
ensorykexperience.
Altruisticksurrenderk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AskproposedkbykAnnakFreud,kankegokdefensekmechanismkwherebykakpersonkavoidskanxiet
ykbyklivingkvicariouslykthroughksomeonekelse.
Analogykofkthekdividedklinek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Plato'skillustrationkofkhiskcontentionkthatktherekiskakhierarchykofkunderstanding.k
-understandingkiskbasedkonkimageskofkempiricalkobjects.k
-understandingkofkempiricalkobjectskthemselves,kwhichkresultskonlykinkopinion.k
-understandingkofkabstractkmathematicalkprinciples.k
-kunderstandingkofkthekforms.kThekhighestkunderstandingk(truekknowledge)kiskan
-
understandingkofkthekformkofkthekgoodkthatkincludeskakknowledgekofkallkformskandktheirkorga
nization.
Anatomykiskdestinyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
ThekcontentionkbykFreudkthatkgenderkiskthekprimarykdeterminantkofkmainkpersonalityktraits;k
opposedkwithinkthekschoolkofkpsychoanalysiskbykKarenkHorney.
Angell,kJameskRowlandk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Americankpsychologistkwhoktransformedkfunctionalismkfromkakmovementkintokakworkingksc
hool.ktaughtkHarveykCarrkandkJohnkB.kWatson
Animalkmagnetismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
FranzkMesmer,kakforcekfieldksurroundingkpersons,kevenlykdistributedkinkhealthykindividualsk
andkunevenlykdistributedkinkunhealthykindividuals.
Animismk(Greeks)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔inanimatekobjectskinknaturekareklivingkbeings
Anomaliesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
ThomaskKuhn,kpersistentkobservationskthatkarekunexplainablekbykthekcurrentkacceptedkpar
adigm
,Anthropologyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AskproposedkbykImmanuelkKant,kthekstudykofkhowkpeoplekactuallykbehavekinkorderktokpredi
ctkandkcontrolkbehavior.
Anticathexisk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Duektoktheksuperego,klibidinalkenergykiskexpendedktokinhibitkthekassociationkbetweenkaknee
dkandkthoughtskofkankobjectkorkeventktoksatisfykit.
Antisthenesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AkGreekkphilosopher,kthekfounderkofkCynicism,kwhokadvocatedkakback-to-
naturekphilosophy
Anxietyk(Freud)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
akfeelingkofkimpendingkdangerkthatkcankbekbasedkonkobjective,kneurotic,korkmoralkthreats.
Anxietyk(Heidegger)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔Thekfeelingkevokedkbyklivingkankauthenticklife
Apolloniankaspectkofkhumanknaturek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Nietzsche,kthekrationalksidekofkhumanknature,kcharacterizedkbyktranquility,korderliness,kand
kpredictability.
Apperceptivekmassk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
JohannkHerbartktheorykofkpsychickmechanics,kthekclusterkofkcompatiblekideaskofkwhichkwek
arekmomentarilykconscious
Dionysiac-Orphickreligionk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AkmysticalkreligiousksectkinkancientkGreecekthatksoughtkhappinesskthroughkthekworshipkofk
Dionysus
-reincarnationkandktransmigration
Thalesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
fromkMiletuskinkAsiakMinor,kiskgenerallykregardedkaskthekfirstkphilosopher.
Magick-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Behaviorkdirectedkatkproducingkakseeminglykimpossiblekoutcomekbykmeanskofkeitherkillusio
nkorksupernaturalkcauses
Olympiankreligionk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Thekreligion,kbasedkonkHomer'skworks,kinkwhichkthekgodsklivedkonkMt.kOlympus.kShowedkor
derlinesskandkrationality.
transmigrationkofksoulsk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔:
, InkDionysic-
Orphickreligion,ktheksoulkwaskthoughtktoktravelkfromkheavenktokplantkandkanimalkbeingskacc
ordingktokwhetherktheksoulkhadktransgressedkinksomekwaykorkhadkbeenkredeemed.
cosmologyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Thekdisciplinekdevotedktokthekstudykofkthekbeginnings,knaturekandkstructurekofkthekuniverse.
Physisk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
thekbasicksubstancekfromkwhichkallkthekotherksubstanceskinknaturekwerekderived
Xenophanesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
akprecursorktokthekSophists,kwhoklaterkarguedkthatktherekareknokabsolutektruthskbutkthatkeve
rythingkiskrelative.kregardedkreligionkaskhumankinvention.kandkgodskarekcreatedkinktheirkown
kimage.
Heraclitusk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
introducedkthekquestionkofkhowkcanknaturekbekstudiedkandkunderstoodkwhenkitkiskconstantly
kchanging,kandkthiskcontinuesktokbekakproblemkforkscientifickandkpsychologicalkresearch.
Parmenidesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Greekkphilosopherkwhokbelievedkthatkthekuniversekwaskunchanging;kthatkchangekwaskillus
ory.kTeacherkofkZenok(creatorkofkZeno'skparadox)
Realismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Thekviewkthatkuniversalskhavekakreal,kindependentkexistencekapartkfromkthekindividualkinsta
nceskthatkinstantiatekthem.
Nominalismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔Thekviewkthatkso-
calledkuniversalskhaveknokexistencekapartkfromkthekindividualkinstanceskthatkinstantiatekthe
m.
Nativistk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Proponentkofkthekviewkthatkemphasizeskinheritancekinkexplanationskofkhumankattributes.
Reductionismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
refersktokthekmethodkinksciencekofkexplainingksomethingkinkonekdomainkorkfieldkinktermskofka
kdifferentkdomain.
Nondeterminismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔claimkthatkwekactk(orknot)kduektokself-
generatedkcauses,knotkphysicalkorkpsychicalkcauses.kInkotherkwords,kourkactionskarekfree.k
Withkfreedom,khowever,kcomeskresponsibility
Dualistk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Proponentkofkthekviewkthatktherekarektwokfundamentalkkindskofkthings:kmindkandkmatter.
k k k k k k
ogy (Hergenhahn) Latest Edition
k k k
Abelard,kPeterk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔-AkScholastickphilosopherk
-usedkdialectickmethodkonkChristianityk
-akconceptualist.
absolutekthresholdk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
thekweakestkamountkofkakstimuluskthatkakpersonkcankdetectkhalfkthektime
Absolute,kThek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AccordingktokHegel,kthekfundamentalkunitykofkthekuniversektowardkwhichkhumankhistorykpro
gresseskviakthekdialectickprocess.
ActkPsychologyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
FoundedkbykFranzkBrentanokinkoppositionktokstructuralism,kakschoolkofkpsychologykthatkfoc
useskonkwhatkthekmindkdoeskratherkthankwhatkiskcontainedkwithinkit.
Activekmindk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Akmindkthatkactskuponksensorykinputktokgivekitknewkmeaning.
Activekreasonk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
InkAristotle'sksystem,kactivekrefersktokthekcreationkofknewkobjectskofkthought.
AdaptivekActk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Carr'sktermkforkakunitkofkbehaviorkwithkthreekcharacteristics:kakmotive,kankenvironmentalkset
ting,kandkakresponsekthatksatisfieskthekneed.
Adaptivekfeaturesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Characteristicskofkankorganismkdirectlykrelatedktokitsksurvivalkandkreproductionkinkakgivenke
nvironment.
Adequatekstimulationk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
bykJohanneskMüller,keachktypekofksensoryknervekiskmaximallykresponsivektokakcertainkformk
ofkstimulation
Adler,kAlfredk(1870-1937)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AnkearlykfollowerkofkFreudkwhokleftkthekFreudiankcampkandkcreatedkhiskownktheorykofkperso
nality,kwhichkemphasizedkthekconsciouskmindkandkthekindividualkcreationkofkakworldview,kg
uidingkfictions,kandkaklifestylekinkorderktokovercomekfeelingskofkinferioritykandktokseekkperfec
tion.
,AesthetickStagek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AccordingktokKierkegaard,kthekfirstkstagekonkthekroadktokfullkpersonalkfreedom,kcharacterize
dkbykegotismkandkhedonism,kandkendingkinkboredomkandkdespair.
Alcmaeonk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
OnekofkthekfirstkGreekkphysiciansktokmovekawaykfromkthekmagickandksuperstitionkofktemplek
medicinekandktowardkaknaturalistickunderstandingkandktreatmentkofkillness.
AllegorykofkthekCavek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Plato'skdescriptionkofkindividualskwhoklivektheirkliveskinkaccordancekwithkthekshadowskofkrea
litykprovidedkbyksensorykexperiencekinsteadkofkinkaccordancekwithkthektruekrealitykbeyondks
ensorykexperience.
Altruisticksurrenderk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AskproposedkbykAnnakFreud,kankegokdefensekmechanismkwherebykakpersonkavoidskanxiet
ykbyklivingkvicariouslykthroughksomeonekelse.
Analogykofkthekdividedklinek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Plato'skillustrationkofkhiskcontentionkthatktherekiskakhierarchykofkunderstanding.k
-understandingkiskbasedkonkimageskofkempiricalkobjects.k
-understandingkofkempiricalkobjectskthemselves,kwhichkresultskonlykinkopinion.k
-understandingkofkabstractkmathematicalkprinciples.k
-kunderstandingkofkthekforms.kThekhighestkunderstandingk(truekknowledge)kiskan
-
understandingkofkthekformkofkthekgoodkthatkincludeskakknowledgekofkallkformskandktheirkorga
nization.
Anatomykiskdestinyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
ThekcontentionkbykFreudkthatkgenderkiskthekprimarykdeterminantkofkmainkpersonalityktraits;k
opposedkwithinkthekschoolkofkpsychoanalysiskbykKarenkHorney.
Angell,kJameskRowlandk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Americankpsychologistkwhoktransformedkfunctionalismkfromkakmovementkintokakworkingksc
hool.ktaughtkHarveykCarrkandkJohnkB.kWatson
Animalkmagnetismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
FranzkMesmer,kakforcekfieldksurroundingkpersons,kevenlykdistributedkinkhealthykindividualsk
andkunevenlykdistributedkinkunhealthykindividuals.
Animismk(Greeks)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔inanimatekobjectskinknaturekareklivingkbeings
Anomaliesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
ThomaskKuhn,kpersistentkobservationskthatkarekunexplainablekbykthekcurrentkacceptedkpar
adigm
,Anthropologyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AskproposedkbykImmanuelkKant,kthekstudykofkhowkpeoplekactuallykbehavekinkorderktokpredi
ctkandkcontrolkbehavior.
Anticathexisk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Duektoktheksuperego,klibidinalkenergykiskexpendedktokinhibitkthekassociationkbetweenkaknee
dkandkthoughtskofkankobjectkorkeventktoksatisfykit.
Antisthenesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AkGreekkphilosopher,kthekfounderkofkCynicism,kwhokadvocatedkakback-to-
naturekphilosophy
Anxietyk(Freud)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
akfeelingkofkimpendingkdangerkthatkcankbekbasedkonkobjective,kneurotic,korkmoralkthreats.
Anxietyk(Heidegger)k-kcorrectkanswers✔✔Thekfeelingkevokedkbyklivingkankauthenticklife
Apolloniankaspectkofkhumanknaturek-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Nietzsche,kthekrationalksidekofkhumanknature,kcharacterizedkbyktranquility,korderliness,kand
kpredictability.
Apperceptivekmassk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
JohannkHerbartktheorykofkpsychickmechanics,kthekclusterkofkcompatiblekideaskofkwhichkwek
arekmomentarilykconscious
Dionysiac-Orphickreligionk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
AkmysticalkreligiousksectkinkancientkGreecekthatksoughtkhappinesskthroughkthekworshipkofk
Dionysus
-reincarnationkandktransmigration
Thalesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
fromkMiletuskinkAsiakMinor,kiskgenerallykregardedkaskthekfirstkphilosopher.
Magick-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Behaviorkdirectedkatkproducingkakseeminglykimpossiblekoutcomekbykmeanskofkeitherkillusio
nkorksupernaturalkcauses
Olympiankreligionk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Thekreligion,kbasedkonkHomer'skworks,kinkwhichkthekgodsklivedkonkMt.kOlympus.kShowedkor
derlinesskandkrationality.
transmigrationkofksoulsk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔:
, InkDionysic-
Orphickreligion,ktheksoulkwaskthoughtktoktravelkfromkheavenktokplantkandkanimalkbeingskacc
ordingktokwhetherktheksoulkhadktransgressedkinksomekwaykorkhadkbeenkredeemed.
cosmologyk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Thekdisciplinekdevotedktokthekstudykofkthekbeginnings,knaturekandkstructurekofkthekuniverse.
Physisk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
thekbasicksubstancekfromkwhichkallkthekotherksubstanceskinknaturekwerekderived
Xenophanesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
akprecursorktokthekSophists,kwhoklaterkarguedkthatktherekareknokabsolutektruthskbutkthatkeve
rythingkiskrelative.kregardedkreligionkaskhumankinvention.kandkgodskarekcreatedkinktheirkown
kimage.
Heraclitusk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
introducedkthekquestionkofkhowkcanknaturekbekstudiedkandkunderstoodkwhenkitkiskconstantly
kchanging,kandkthiskcontinuesktokbekakproblemkforkscientifickandkpsychologicalkresearch.
Parmenidesk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Greekkphilosopherkwhokbelievedkthatkthekuniversekwaskunchanging;kthatkchangekwaskillus
ory.kTeacherkofkZenok(creatorkofkZeno'skparadox)
Realismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Thekviewkthatkuniversalskhavekakreal,kindependentkexistencekapartkfromkthekindividualkinsta
nceskthatkinstantiatekthem.
Nominalismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔Thekviewkthatkso-
calledkuniversalskhaveknokexistencekapartkfromkthekindividualkinstanceskthatkinstantiatekthe
m.
Nativistk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Proponentkofkthekviewkthatkemphasizeskinheritancekinkexplanationskofkhumankattributes.
Reductionismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
refersktokthekmethodkinksciencekofkexplainingksomethingkinkonekdomainkorkfieldkinktermskofka
kdifferentkdomain.
Nondeterminismk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔claimkthatkwekactk(orknot)kduektokself-
generatedkcauses,knotkphysicalkorkpsychicalkcauses.kInkotherkwords,kourkactionskarekfree.k
Withkfreedom,khowever,kcomeskresponsibility
Dualistk-kcorrectkanswers✔✔
Proponentkofkthekviewkthatktherekarektwokfundamentalkkindskofkthings:kmindkandkmatter.
