Test Bank for Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacolo
p p p p p p
gy 8th Edition by Karen Whalen|
p p p p p
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERppp1)pRNApispsusceptibleptopalkalinephydrolysis,pwhereaspDNApispnot.
2)pUnderpalkalinepconditions,pthephydroxylpgrouppcanpactpaspapnucleophilepandpattackpth
epphosphodiesterplinkagepbetweenpadjacentpnucleotides,pbreakingptheplinkagepandplea
dingptoptheptransientpformationpofpapcyclicpnucleotide.p
3)pAspthispcanpoccurpatpeverypphosphodiesterplinkagepinpRNA,phydrolysispofpthepRNApwil
lpoccurpdueptopthesepreactions.pAspDNAplackspthep2′-
hydroxylpgroup,pthispreactionpcannotpoccur,pand
DNApispverypstablepunderpalkalinepconditions.
Symptomspofpadenosinepdeaminasepdeficiency:p-
pANSWERppp1)pHistorypofpchronicpdiarrheapandpmultipleppneumonias
2)pThepchestpX-raypshowspappneumonia,pbutpalsoprevealspanpabnormallypsmallpthymus.p
3)pBloodpworkpshowspapdistinctplackpofpcirculatingplymphocytes.p
*HerepyouphavepnopworkingpBporpTpcells*
*pThispdisorderpleadsptopanpaccumulationpofpdeoxyadenosinepandpS-
adenosylhomocysteine,
whichpareptoxicptopimmatureplymphocytespinpthepthymus.*
4)pThepmostplikelypinheritedpenzymaticpdefectpinpthispchildpleadsptopanpinabilityptopalterpap
purinepnucleotidepatppositionp6pofpthepringpstructurep(wherepdeaminationpoccurspandpispr
eplacedpwithpapcarbonylpgroup)
InosinepandpWobblingp-pANSWERpppInosinepispapwobblepbaseppairpformer,phavingpthe
abilityptopbaseppairpwithp*adenine,puracil,porpcytosine*
KNOW pTHIS:p-pANSWERpppLactasepwillpsplitpthepβ-1,4plinkagepbetween
galactosepandpglucosepinplactose.p
Theplactosepthusppassespunmetabolizedptopthepbacteriapinhabitingpthepgut,pandptheirpme
tabolismpofpthepdisaccharidepleadsptopthepobservedpsymptoms.p
Combiningptwopsugarspinpapdehydrationpreactionpcreatespapglycosidicpbond.p
AddingpapsugarptopthepnitrogenpofpapnitrogenouspbasepalsopcreatespanpN-
glycosidicpbond.
,KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERpppThepalphapcarbonpdeterminespwhetherpthepaminopacidpispinpthepDporpLpconfi
guration
*Manypbiochemicalpcompoundsp(includingpdrugs)pareponlypactivepaspeitherpthepDporpLpis
omer.*
Yourppatientphaspapmechanicalpheartpvalvepandpispchronicallypanemicpdueptopdamagepto
predpbloodpcellspasptheyppasspthroughpthispvalve.pOnepofpthepsignalspthatptargetpdamage
dpredpbloodpcellspforpremovalpfrompthepcirculationpisptheppresencepofpphosphatidylserine
pinpthepouterpleafletpofpthepredpcellpmembrane.pPhosphatidylserinepispanpintegralppartpofp
cellpmembranespandpispnormallypfoundpinpthepinnerpleafletpofpthepredpcellpmembrane.pThi
spflip-
floppofpphosphatidylserinepbetweenpmembranepleafletspexposespwhichppartpofpthepphos
phatidylserinepto
thepenvironment?
(A)pThepheadpgroup
(B)pFattypacids
(C)pSphingosine
(D)pGlycerol
(E)pCeramidep-pANSWERpppA.
Thus,pwhenpapphospholipidpflpip-
flpopspacrosspthepmembrane,pthepheadpgrouppwillpalwayspendpuppfacingpthepaqueouspen
vironment.
Apcouplephasphadpfivepchildren,pallpofpwhopexhibitpshort
stature,peyelidpdroop,pandpsomepdegreepofpmusclepweaknesspandphearingplossp(someps
evere,psomepmild).pThepmotherpalsophaspsuchpproblems,palthoughpatpapmildplevel.pThepf
atherphaspnopsymptoms.pThepmutationpthatpafflictspthepchildrenpmostplikelypresidespinpD
NApfoundpinpwhichpintracellularporganelle?
(A)pMitochondria
(B)pPeroxisome
(C)pLysosome
(D)pEndoplasmicpreticulum
(E)pNucleusp-pANSWERpppA.
Thepmotherpandpchildrenparepexperiencingpthepeffectspofpapmitochondrialpdisorder.
*Theypkeypherepispthatpallpofpthepkidsphavepthepissuepandpthepmotherpaspwellpbutpthepfath
erpshowspnopsymptoms*
Thereparepmultiplepmitochondrialpdisorderspassociatedpwithpmuscularpdystrophy:
p
1)pKearns-Sayerpsyndrome(thispcase)
2)pLeighpsyndromep(non-X-linked)
3)pPearsonpsyndrome
,4)pMitochondrialpDNApdepletionpsyndrome
5)pMitochondrialpencephalomyopathy
Membranepformationpoccurs,pinppart,pdueptoplowplipidpsolubilitypinpwaterpdueptopprimarilyp
whichpofpthepfollowing?
(A)pHydrogenpbondpformationpbetweenplipidspandpwater
(B)pCovalentpbondpformationpbetweenplipidspandpwater
(C)pApdecreasepinpwaterpentropy
(D)pAnpincreasepinpwaterpentropy
(E)pIonicpbondpformationpbetweenplipidspandpwaterp-pANSWERpppD.
Cagepformingpdecreasespwaterpentropy,pwhichpis
unfavorable,pandpthispleadsptopthephydrophobicpeffect,pinpwhichptheplipidpmoleculespallpc
omeptogetherpsuchpthatponlyponeplargepcagepneedsptopbepformedpaboutptheplipidpmolecu
les,pratherpthanpmanypsmallpcagespaboutpeachpindividualplipidpmolecule.p
Theplipidspdopnotpformpcovalentporpionicpbondspwithpwater,pand,paspmentionedpabove,plip
idspinpwaterpleadsptopapdecreasepinpwaterpentropyp(whichpispunfavorable),pratherpthanpan
pincreasepinpthepentropypofpwaterp(whichpwouldpbepapfavorablepevent).
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERpppPrecipitationpofpuricpacidpoccurspinp"cold"pareaspofpthepbody,psuchpaspthepgr
eatptoe.
Apsingle-strandedpDNApmoleculepcontainsp20%A,p25%T,
30%G,pandp25%C.pWhenpthepcomplementpofpthispstrand
ispsynthesized,pthepTpcontentpofpthepresultingpduplexpwill
bepwhichponepofpthepfollowing?
(A)p20%
(B)p22.5%
(C)p25%
(D)p27.5%
(E)p30%p-pANSWERpppB.
Forpthepentirepduplexpthen,pthepTpcontent
ispthepaveragepofp25%pandp20%,porp22.5%pforpthepduplex.pThep[A]pinpthepduplexpwillpalso
pbep22.5%p(again,psincep[A]p=p[T]),pandpthepconcentrationspofp[G]pandp[C]pwillpeachpbep27
.5%pforpthepduplex.
KNOW pTHIS:p-pANSWERpppThepglycosylationpofphemoglobinpprimarilypoccursponpthepN-
terminalpvalinepresiduespofpthepβpchainsp(whichpcontainpapfreepaminopgroup).
ThepratepofpdegradationpofpnonmodifiedphemoglobinpandpHbA1cparepthepsame.
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERppp1)pInporderptopmakepapxenobioticpmorepsoluble,paphydrophilicpgrouppneedspt
opbepadded
topthepxenobiotic.p
, 2)pGlucuronicpacidp(glucosepwithpapcarboxylicpacidpatppositionp6pinsteadpofpanpalcoholpgr
oup)pispaphydrophilicpmolecule.
3)pGlucuronicpacidpispaddedptopthepxenobioticpatppositionp1,pusingpthepactivatedpinterme
diatepUDPpglucuronate.
EarlypclinicalpsignspofpCreutzfeldt-Jakobpdisease:p-pANSWERppp1)pMoodpchanges
2)pMinorplosspofpmemory
3)pDecreasedpmotorpskills
Causedpbypapmisfoldedpprionpprotein,pleadingptopproteinpaggregatespinpthepbrain.p
Thisppatientpwillpprobablypdiepwithinp1pyear.p
Therepispnopcurrentptreatmentpforpthepdisease.p
Aspthepdiseasepprogresses,phepwillpprobablypdeveloppblindness,pinvoluntarypmovement
s,pandpseverepdeteriorationpofpmentalpfunction.
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERpppBisphosphonatespdecreasepbonepresorptionpbyptheposteoclasts,ptherebypst
rengtheningpthepbone,pevenpwithpthepdefectivepcollagenpmolecule.
Youparepvisitedpbypap40-year-
oldpfemaleppatientpcomplainingpofpweightploss,pnumbnesspinpthephandspandpfeet,pfatigue
,pandpdifficultypswallowing.pPhysicalpexam
notespanpenlargedptongue,penlargedpliver,paprubbery
feelingparoundpthepjoints,pandpbruisingparoundpthe
eyes.pApbonepmarrowpbiopsypshowspanpabnormal
stainingpofpdenaturedpproteinp(seepbelow).pThese
denaturedpproteinsparepmostplikelyptopbepwhichpofpthe
following?
(A)pAntibodyplightpchains
(B)pCollagen
(C)pFibrillin
(D)pAlbumin
(E)pTransaminasesp-pANSWERpppA.
*Theppatientpispexhibitingpthepsymptomspofpprimarypamyloidosis*
Primarypamyloidosisp-
pANSWERppp1)pApproteinpfoldingpdiseasepinpwhichpimmunoglobulinplightpchainsparepimpr
operlypprocessedpandpcannotpbepdegraded.p
2)pThesepproteinspthenpformpfibrilspinptissues,
whichparepinsoluble.pThispdisruptspthepnormalpfunctionpofptheptissue,pandpmanyptissuesp
canpaccumulatepthesepfibrils.
p p p p p p
gy 8th Edition by Karen Whalen|
p p p p p
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERppp1)pRNApispsusceptibleptopalkalinephydrolysis,pwhereaspDNApispnot.
2)pUnderpalkalinepconditions,pthephydroxylpgrouppcanpactpaspapnucleophilepandpattackpth
epphosphodiesterplinkagepbetweenpadjacentpnucleotides,pbreakingptheplinkagepandplea
dingptoptheptransientpformationpofpapcyclicpnucleotide.p
3)pAspthispcanpoccurpatpeverypphosphodiesterplinkagepinpRNA,phydrolysispofpthepRNApwil
lpoccurpdueptopthesepreactions.pAspDNAplackspthep2′-
hydroxylpgroup,pthispreactionpcannotpoccur,pand
DNApispverypstablepunderpalkalinepconditions.
Symptomspofpadenosinepdeaminasepdeficiency:p-
pANSWERppp1)pHistorypofpchronicpdiarrheapandpmultipleppneumonias
2)pThepchestpX-raypshowspappneumonia,pbutpalsoprevealspanpabnormallypsmallpthymus.p
3)pBloodpworkpshowspapdistinctplackpofpcirculatingplymphocytes.p
*HerepyouphavepnopworkingpBporpTpcells*
*pThispdisorderpleadsptopanpaccumulationpofpdeoxyadenosinepandpS-
adenosylhomocysteine,
whichpareptoxicptopimmatureplymphocytespinpthepthymus.*
4)pThepmostplikelypinheritedpenzymaticpdefectpinpthispchildpleadsptopanpinabilityptopalterpap
purinepnucleotidepatppositionp6pofpthepringpstructurep(wherepdeaminationpoccurspandpispr
eplacedpwithpapcarbonylpgroup)
InosinepandpWobblingp-pANSWERpppInosinepispapwobblepbaseppairpformer,phavingpthe
abilityptopbaseppairpwithp*adenine,puracil,porpcytosine*
KNOW pTHIS:p-pANSWERpppLactasepwillpsplitpthepβ-1,4plinkagepbetween
galactosepandpglucosepinplactose.p
Theplactosepthusppassespunmetabolizedptopthepbacteriapinhabitingpthepgut,pandptheirpme
tabolismpofpthepdisaccharidepleadsptopthepobservedpsymptoms.p
Combiningptwopsugarspinpapdehydrationpreactionpcreatespapglycosidicpbond.p
AddingpapsugarptopthepnitrogenpofpapnitrogenouspbasepalsopcreatespanpN-
glycosidicpbond.
,KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERpppThepalphapcarbonpdeterminespwhetherpthepaminopacidpispinpthepDporpLpconfi
guration
*Manypbiochemicalpcompoundsp(includingpdrugs)pareponlypactivepaspeitherpthepDporpLpis
omer.*
Yourppatientphaspapmechanicalpheartpvalvepandpispchronicallypanemicpdueptopdamagepto
predpbloodpcellspasptheyppasspthroughpthispvalve.pOnepofpthepsignalspthatptargetpdamage
dpredpbloodpcellspforpremovalpfrompthepcirculationpisptheppresencepofpphosphatidylserine
pinpthepouterpleafletpofpthepredpcellpmembrane.pPhosphatidylserinepispanpintegralppartpofp
cellpmembranespandpispnormallypfoundpinpthepinnerpleafletpofpthepredpcellpmembrane.pThi
spflip-
floppofpphosphatidylserinepbetweenpmembranepleafletspexposespwhichppartpofpthepphos
phatidylserinepto
thepenvironment?
(A)pThepheadpgroup
(B)pFattypacids
(C)pSphingosine
(D)pGlycerol
(E)pCeramidep-pANSWERpppA.
Thus,pwhenpapphospholipidpflpip-
flpopspacrosspthepmembrane,pthepheadpgrouppwillpalwayspendpuppfacingpthepaqueouspen
vironment.
Apcouplephasphadpfivepchildren,pallpofpwhopexhibitpshort
stature,peyelidpdroop,pandpsomepdegreepofpmusclepweaknesspandphearingplossp(someps
evere,psomepmild).pThepmotherpalsophaspsuchpproblems,palthoughpatpapmildplevel.pThepf
atherphaspnopsymptoms.pThepmutationpthatpafflictspthepchildrenpmostplikelypresidespinpD
NApfoundpinpwhichpintracellularporganelle?
(A)pMitochondria
(B)pPeroxisome
(C)pLysosome
(D)pEndoplasmicpreticulum
(E)pNucleusp-pANSWERpppA.
Thepmotherpandpchildrenparepexperiencingpthepeffectspofpapmitochondrialpdisorder.
*Theypkeypherepispthatpallpofpthepkidsphavepthepissuepandpthepmotherpaspwellpbutpthepfath
erpshowspnopsymptoms*
Thereparepmultiplepmitochondrialpdisorderspassociatedpwithpmuscularpdystrophy:
p
1)pKearns-Sayerpsyndrome(thispcase)
2)pLeighpsyndromep(non-X-linked)
3)pPearsonpsyndrome
,4)pMitochondrialpDNApdepletionpsyndrome
5)pMitochondrialpencephalomyopathy
Membranepformationpoccurs,pinppart,pdueptoplowplipidpsolubilitypinpwaterpdueptopprimarilyp
whichpofpthepfollowing?
(A)pHydrogenpbondpformationpbetweenplipidspandpwater
(B)pCovalentpbondpformationpbetweenplipidspandpwater
(C)pApdecreasepinpwaterpentropy
(D)pAnpincreasepinpwaterpentropy
(E)pIonicpbondpformationpbetweenplipidspandpwaterp-pANSWERpppD.
Cagepformingpdecreasespwaterpentropy,pwhichpis
unfavorable,pandpthispleadsptopthephydrophobicpeffect,pinpwhichptheplipidpmoleculespallpc
omeptogetherpsuchpthatponlyponeplargepcagepneedsptopbepformedpaboutptheplipidpmolecu
les,pratherpthanpmanypsmallpcagespaboutpeachpindividualplipidpmolecule.p
Theplipidspdopnotpformpcovalentporpionicpbondspwithpwater,pand,paspmentionedpabove,plip
idspinpwaterpleadsptopapdecreasepinpwaterpentropyp(whichpispunfavorable),pratherpthanpan
pincreasepinpthepentropypofpwaterp(whichpwouldpbepapfavorablepevent).
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERpppPrecipitationpofpuricpacidpoccurspinp"cold"pareaspofpthepbody,psuchpaspthepgr
eatptoe.
Apsingle-strandedpDNApmoleculepcontainsp20%A,p25%T,
30%G,pandp25%C.pWhenpthepcomplementpofpthispstrand
ispsynthesized,pthepTpcontentpofpthepresultingpduplexpwill
bepwhichponepofpthepfollowing?
(A)p20%
(B)p22.5%
(C)p25%
(D)p27.5%
(E)p30%p-pANSWERpppB.
Forpthepentirepduplexpthen,pthepTpcontent
ispthepaveragepofp25%pandp20%,porp22.5%pforpthepduplex.pThep[A]pinpthepduplexpwillpalso
pbep22.5%p(again,psincep[A]p=p[T]),pandpthepconcentrationspofp[G]pandp[C]pwillpeachpbep27
.5%pforpthepduplex.
KNOW pTHIS:p-pANSWERpppThepglycosylationpofphemoglobinpprimarilypoccursponpthepN-
terminalpvalinepresiduespofpthepβpchainsp(whichpcontainpapfreepaminopgroup).
ThepratepofpdegradationpofpnonmodifiedphemoglobinpandpHbA1cparepthepsame.
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERppp1)pInporderptopmakepapxenobioticpmorepsoluble,paphydrophilicpgrouppneedspt
opbepadded
topthepxenobiotic.p
, 2)pGlucuronicpacidp(glucosepwithpapcarboxylicpacidpatppositionp6pinsteadpofpanpalcoholpgr
oup)pispaphydrophilicpmolecule.
3)pGlucuronicpacidpispaddedptopthepxenobioticpatppositionp1,pusingpthepactivatedpinterme
diatepUDPpglucuronate.
EarlypclinicalpsignspofpCreutzfeldt-Jakobpdisease:p-pANSWERppp1)pMoodpchanges
2)pMinorplosspofpmemory
3)pDecreasedpmotorpskills
Causedpbypapmisfoldedpprionpprotein,pleadingptopproteinpaggregatespinpthepbrain.p
Thisppatientpwillpprobablypdiepwithinp1pyear.p
Therepispnopcurrentptreatmentpforpthepdisease.p
Aspthepdiseasepprogresses,phepwillpprobablypdeveloppblindness,pinvoluntarypmovement
s,pandpseverepdeteriorationpofpmentalpfunction.
KNOW pTHIS:p-
pANSWERpppBisphosphonatespdecreasepbonepresorptionpbyptheposteoclasts,ptherebypst
rengtheningpthepbone,pevenpwithpthepdefectivepcollagenpmolecule.
Youparepvisitedpbypap40-year-
oldpfemaleppatientpcomplainingpofpweightploss,pnumbnesspinpthephandspandpfeet,pfatigue
,pandpdifficultypswallowing.pPhysicalpexam
notespanpenlargedptongue,penlargedpliver,paprubbery
feelingparoundpthepjoints,pandpbruisingparoundpthe
eyes.pApbonepmarrowpbiopsypshowspanpabnormal
stainingpofpdenaturedpproteinp(seepbelow).pThese
denaturedpproteinsparepmostplikelyptopbepwhichpofpthe
following?
(A)pAntibodyplightpchains
(B)pCollagen
(C)pFibrillin
(D)pAlbumin
(E)pTransaminasesp-pANSWERpppA.
*Theppatientpispexhibitingpthepsymptomspofpprimarypamyloidosis*
Primarypamyloidosisp-
pANSWERppp1)pApproteinpfoldingpdiseasepinpwhichpimmunoglobulinplightpchainsparepimpr
operlypprocessedpandpcannotpbepdegraded.p
2)pThesepproteinspthenpformpfibrilspinptissues,
whichparepinsoluble.pThispdisruptspthepnormalpfunctionpofptheptissue,pandpmanyptissuesp
canpaccumulatepthesepfibrils.
