, Test mBank, mChapter m1
1. Which mof mthe mfollowing mis mNOT man mexample mof mevolution?
(a) Beak msize min ma mpopulation mof mbirds mbecomes mlarger mfrom mone
mgeneration mto mthe mnext mbecause mlarger mbeaked mbirds mhad mhigher
mreproductive msuccess mand mpassed mthe mtrait mto mtheir moffspring
(b) Over mlong mperiods mof mtime mwhales mgradually mlost mtheir mhindlimbs
(c) When mtraveling mto mhigh maltitude, mhuman mphysiology
mchanges mto maccommodate mlower moxygen mlevels
(d) All mof mthe mabove mare mexamples mof mevolution
2. The mfluke mof ma mwhale mand mthe mfluke mof ma mshark:
(a) are mhomologous mtraits
(b) arose mthrough mconvergent mevolution
(c) are mthe mresult mof mnatural mselection
(d) b mand mc mare mcorrect
(e) all mare mcorrect
3. Mammary mglands min mwhales mand mhumans:
(a) are ma msynapomorphy mfor mthese mspecies mand mother mmammals
(b) are mhomologous mtraits
(c) were mlikely mpresent min mthe mmost mrecent mcommon mancestor mof
mhumans mand mwhales
(d) all mare mcorrect
(e) none mare mcorrect
4. Based mon mcurrent mfossil mevidence:
(a) whales mwere mlikely mfully maquatic mbefore mthey mevolved mpeg-like
mteeth mor mbaleen
(b) evolution mof mbaleen mforced mwhales mto mbecome mfully maquatic
(c) the mteeth mof mextinct mwhales msuch mas mDorudon mwere msimilar mto
mthose mof mextinct mland mmammals
(d) a mand mc mare mcorrect
(e) b mand mc mare mcorrect
5. One mimportant mfeature mthat mlinks mextinct morganisms msuch mas m Pakicetus mand
Indohyus mto mcetaceans mis:
(a) the mshape mof ma mbone min mthe mmiddle mear
(b) the mpresence mof mforelimb mflippers
(c) the mlack mof mhindlegs
(d) peg-like mteeth
,6. The mplacement mof mwhales mwithin mthe martiodactyls mis msupported mby:
(a) morphology mof mlimb mbones m(e.g. mthe mastragalus) min mextinct mwhales
(b) DNA mevidence
(c) the mfact mthat msome martiodactyls m(e.g. mhippos) mspend ma msignificant
mamount mof mtime min mthe mwater
(d) a mand mb mare mcorrect
(e) all mof mthe mabove
7. From mexamining mthe mfossil mrecord, mscientists mhave mpostulated mthat
mlong-term mhistoric m changes min mcetacean mdiversity mdepended mon:
(a) changes min mthe mabundance mof mdiatoms, mone mof mtheir mmain mfood msources
(b) changes min mthe mabundance mof mdiatoms, mwhich mserve mas
mfood mfor manimals mthat mwere mpreyed mupon mby mcetaceans
(c) changes min msea mtemperature
(d) rising mpollution mlevels min mthe mocean
(e) changes min mthe mabundance mof morganisms mthat mprey mon mcetaceans
8. Which mof mthe mfollowing mwould mexplain mwhy mviruses msuch mas minfluenza
mevolve mso mrapidly:
(a) they mhave ma mhigh mmutation mrate
(b) they mhave ma mhigh mreplication mrate
(c) they mcan mundergo mviral mreassortment
(d) none mof mthe mabove
(e) all mof mthe mabove
9. Which mof mthe mfollowing mstatements mis maccurate mregarding mthe mevolution
mof mdrug mresistance min ma mvirus:
(a) the mdrug mcauses mmutations min mthe mvirus mthat mmake mit mresistant
(b) even mbefore mthe mdrug mis madministered, msome mvirions
mmight mbe mresistant
(c) an mindividual mvirion mthat mis mexposed mto mthe mdrug mwill madapt mby
mbecoming mresistant; mfuture mapplications mof mthe mdrug mwill mbe
mineffective magainst mthis mvirion
(d) all mof mthe mabove
10. The mmolecular mclock mused mto mdate mthe memergence mof mthe m2009 mH1N1
mstrain mwould mbe minaccurate mif:
(a) mutations marose mat mdifferent mrates min mdifferent mlineages
(b) the mmost mrecent mcommon mancestor mof mthe mviral mstrains mexisted mlong mago
(c) the mmost mrecent mcommon mancestor mof mthe mviral mstrains mexisted mrecently
(d) none mof mthe mabove
, 11. New mmutations:
(a) are mrandom mwith mrespect mto mtheir meffects mon mfitness
(b) are mnecessary mfor mnatural mselection mto mcause mevolutionary mchange
(c) are mrare min ma mpopulation
(d) a mand mb mare mcorrect
(e) all mare mcorrect
12. Evolution moccurs mwhen:
(a) individuals min ma mpopulation mchange min mresponse mto mthe menvironment
(b) the maverage mvalue mof mtrait min ma mpopulation mchanges
mfrom mone mgeneration mto mthe mnext
(c) a mand mb mare mboth mcorrect
(d) Neither ma mor mb mis mcorrect
Short manswer/essay.
1. Please mdescribe mevidence mthree mpieces mof mevidence mfound min mextant
mcetaceans mthat msupports mthe midea mthat mtheir mancestors mhad mhindlimbs.
1. During membryonic mdevelopment mhindlimb mbuds mform, mbut mare
mthen mstop mgrowing.
2. Some mextant mwhales mhave ma mvestigial mpelvis, mwhich monly mmakes
msense mif mtheir mancestors mhad mhindlimbs.
3. DNA mevidence mshows mthat mcetaceans mare mnested mwithin mthe
martiodactyls. m The mcommon mancestor mof martiodactyls mwould
mhave mhad mhindlimbs.
2. Describe mhow mscientists mused mcarbon misotopes mto mdetermine mwhether
mextinct mwhales mlikely minhabited mfreshwater mor msaltwater.
Although mmost moxygen matoms mhave meight mneutrons, msome moxygen
misotopes mhave mmore m(e.g. m10). m Seawater mhas mmore moxygen matoms
mwith m10 mneutrons m(heavy) mthan mfreshwater, mand manimals mthat mlive min
mthe msea mincorporate mmore mheavy moxygen minto mtheir mbones mthan
manimals mthat mlive mon mland. m Thus, mby mmeasuring mthe mratio mof mlight mto
mheavy moxygen min mthe mbones mof mfossil mwhales, mand mcomparing mthis mto
mratios mfound min mextant morganisms minhabiting mfreshwater mor mseawater
menvironments, mscientists mwere mable mto mdetermine mwhether mextinct
mwhales mlikely mlived min mthe msea mor mthe mland.
1. Which mof mthe mfollowing mis mNOT man mexample mof mevolution?
(a) Beak msize min ma mpopulation mof mbirds mbecomes mlarger mfrom mone
mgeneration mto mthe mnext mbecause mlarger mbeaked mbirds mhad mhigher
mreproductive msuccess mand mpassed mthe mtrait mto mtheir moffspring
(b) Over mlong mperiods mof mtime mwhales mgradually mlost mtheir mhindlimbs
(c) When mtraveling mto mhigh maltitude, mhuman mphysiology
mchanges mto maccommodate mlower moxygen mlevels
(d) All mof mthe mabove mare mexamples mof mevolution
2. The mfluke mof ma mwhale mand mthe mfluke mof ma mshark:
(a) are mhomologous mtraits
(b) arose mthrough mconvergent mevolution
(c) are mthe mresult mof mnatural mselection
(d) b mand mc mare mcorrect
(e) all mare mcorrect
3. Mammary mglands min mwhales mand mhumans:
(a) are ma msynapomorphy mfor mthese mspecies mand mother mmammals
(b) are mhomologous mtraits
(c) were mlikely mpresent min mthe mmost mrecent mcommon mancestor mof
mhumans mand mwhales
(d) all mare mcorrect
(e) none mare mcorrect
4. Based mon mcurrent mfossil mevidence:
(a) whales mwere mlikely mfully maquatic mbefore mthey mevolved mpeg-like
mteeth mor mbaleen
(b) evolution mof mbaleen mforced mwhales mto mbecome mfully maquatic
(c) the mteeth mof mextinct mwhales msuch mas mDorudon mwere msimilar mto
mthose mof mextinct mland mmammals
(d) a mand mc mare mcorrect
(e) b mand mc mare mcorrect
5. One mimportant mfeature mthat mlinks mextinct morganisms msuch mas m Pakicetus mand
Indohyus mto mcetaceans mis:
(a) the mshape mof ma mbone min mthe mmiddle mear
(b) the mpresence mof mforelimb mflippers
(c) the mlack mof mhindlegs
(d) peg-like mteeth
,6. The mplacement mof mwhales mwithin mthe martiodactyls mis msupported mby:
(a) morphology mof mlimb mbones m(e.g. mthe mastragalus) min mextinct mwhales
(b) DNA mevidence
(c) the mfact mthat msome martiodactyls m(e.g. mhippos) mspend ma msignificant
mamount mof mtime min mthe mwater
(d) a mand mb mare mcorrect
(e) all mof mthe mabove
7. From mexamining mthe mfossil mrecord, mscientists mhave mpostulated mthat
mlong-term mhistoric m changes min mcetacean mdiversity mdepended mon:
(a) changes min mthe mabundance mof mdiatoms, mone mof mtheir mmain mfood msources
(b) changes min mthe mabundance mof mdiatoms, mwhich mserve mas
mfood mfor manimals mthat mwere mpreyed mupon mby mcetaceans
(c) changes min msea mtemperature
(d) rising mpollution mlevels min mthe mocean
(e) changes min mthe mabundance mof morganisms mthat mprey mon mcetaceans
8. Which mof mthe mfollowing mwould mexplain mwhy mviruses msuch mas minfluenza
mevolve mso mrapidly:
(a) they mhave ma mhigh mmutation mrate
(b) they mhave ma mhigh mreplication mrate
(c) they mcan mundergo mviral mreassortment
(d) none mof mthe mabove
(e) all mof mthe mabove
9. Which mof mthe mfollowing mstatements mis maccurate mregarding mthe mevolution
mof mdrug mresistance min ma mvirus:
(a) the mdrug mcauses mmutations min mthe mvirus mthat mmake mit mresistant
(b) even mbefore mthe mdrug mis madministered, msome mvirions
mmight mbe mresistant
(c) an mindividual mvirion mthat mis mexposed mto mthe mdrug mwill madapt mby
mbecoming mresistant; mfuture mapplications mof mthe mdrug mwill mbe
mineffective magainst mthis mvirion
(d) all mof mthe mabove
10. The mmolecular mclock mused mto mdate mthe memergence mof mthe m2009 mH1N1
mstrain mwould mbe minaccurate mif:
(a) mutations marose mat mdifferent mrates min mdifferent mlineages
(b) the mmost mrecent mcommon mancestor mof mthe mviral mstrains mexisted mlong mago
(c) the mmost mrecent mcommon mancestor mof mthe mviral mstrains mexisted mrecently
(d) none mof mthe mabove
, 11. New mmutations:
(a) are mrandom mwith mrespect mto mtheir meffects mon mfitness
(b) are mnecessary mfor mnatural mselection mto mcause mevolutionary mchange
(c) are mrare min ma mpopulation
(d) a mand mb mare mcorrect
(e) all mare mcorrect
12. Evolution moccurs mwhen:
(a) individuals min ma mpopulation mchange min mresponse mto mthe menvironment
(b) the maverage mvalue mof mtrait min ma mpopulation mchanges
mfrom mone mgeneration mto mthe mnext
(c) a mand mb mare mboth mcorrect
(d) Neither ma mor mb mis mcorrect
Short manswer/essay.
1. Please mdescribe mevidence mthree mpieces mof mevidence mfound min mextant
mcetaceans mthat msupports mthe midea mthat mtheir mancestors mhad mhindlimbs.
1. During membryonic mdevelopment mhindlimb mbuds mform, mbut mare
mthen mstop mgrowing.
2. Some mextant mwhales mhave ma mvestigial mpelvis, mwhich monly mmakes
msense mif mtheir mancestors mhad mhindlimbs.
3. DNA mevidence mshows mthat mcetaceans mare mnested mwithin mthe
martiodactyls. m The mcommon mancestor mof martiodactyls mwould
mhave mhad mhindlimbs.
2. Describe mhow mscientists mused mcarbon misotopes mto mdetermine mwhether
mextinct mwhales mlikely minhabited mfreshwater mor msaltwater.
Although mmost moxygen matoms mhave meight mneutrons, msome moxygen
misotopes mhave mmore m(e.g. m10). m Seawater mhas mmore moxygen matoms
mwith m10 mneutrons m(heavy) mthan mfreshwater, mand manimals mthat mlive min
mthe msea mincorporate mmore mheavy moxygen minto mtheir mbones mthan
manimals mthat mlive mon mland. m Thus, mby mmeasuring mthe mratio mof mlight mto
mheavy moxygen min mthe mbones mof mfossil mwhales, mand mcomparing mthis mto
mratios mfound min mextant morganisms minhabiting mfreshwater mor mseawater
menvironments, mscientists mwere mable mto mdetermine mwhether mextinct
mwhales mlikely mlived min mthe msea mor mthe mland.
