Adaptation, Injury, and Death (Lecture 2)
2024/2025 Exam Questions and Answers
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What causes damage to cells? Etiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-physical forces
-temperature
-chemical
-radiation
-biologic
-metabolic
Physical Forces - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Static
-Dynamic (impact and impulsive)
Static - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Body at rest
Dynamic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔body or object moving
-impact: direct force. ex: head hitting a steering wheel
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, -impulsive: inertia. ex: injury to spinal cord
Chemical Forces - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Drugs
-Ethyl alcohol (ETOH)
-methyl alcohol (moonshine
-Metals
-industrial chemicals
Give examples of contamination:
-environmental:
-metals - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-environmental: venom, fertilization, pollution
-metals: fish/seafood, lead
Radiation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-ionizing
-non-ionizing
-ultraviolet
Ionizing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Gamma (used during surgery)
-X-rays
Non-ionizing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-ultrasound, microwave, laser
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED