Test Bank For Microbiology by OpenStax 978-
p p p p p p
1938168147 Chapter 1-26 Complete Guide.
p p p p
Whichpofpthesepispconsideredptopbepthepsmallestpunitpofplife?
a)pthepnucleus
b)pthepmitochondrion
c)papplasmid
d)pthepcell
e)papprionp-pANSWERpd)pThepsmallestpunitpofplifepisp*thepcell*.
ThepstudypofpmicrobiologypincludespallpofpthepfollowingpEXCEPTp_____p.
a)pplants
b)pviruses
c)pbacteria
d)pfungi
e)palgaep-
pANSWERpa)pThepstudypofpmicrobiologypincludespallpofpthepfollowingpEXCEPT p*plants*.
WhatppercentpofpthepdrypweightpofpthepcellpispcomposedpofpDNA?
a)p2p-p5
b)p12p-15
c)p25p-p30
d)p35p-40
e)p50p-p55p-pANSWERpa)p*2-5*p%pofpthepdrypweightpofpthepcellpispcomposedpofpDNA
WhatparepthepthreepDomainspofplife?
a)pMonera,pAnimals,pandpPlants
b)pBacteria,pArchaea,pandpEukarya
c)pProkaryote,pEukaryote,pandpFungi
d)pAnimals,pPlants,pandpBacteria
e)pProkaryote,pEukaryote,pArchaeap-
pANSWERpb)p*Bacteria,pAchaea,pandpEukarya*parepthepthreepDomainspof plife.
Whichpofpthepcharacteristicspofplifepispnotpdisplayedpbypanypindividualporganism?
a)pmetabolism
b)pgrowth
c)preproduction
d)pevolution
,e)presponse
f)phomeostasisp-
pANSWERpd)p*Evolution*pispNOTpapcharacteristicpofplifepdisplayedpbypanypindividualporg
anism.
Virusesparepconsideredp"nonliving"pforpallpofpthepfollowingpreasonspEXCEPTpthatpthey:
a)pneedpaphostpcellpforpreplication.
b)parepmetabolicallypinert.
c)ppossesspDNApthatpcanpevolve.
d)pdopnotpmaintainpinternalphomeostasis.
e)parepnotpresponsiveptopenvironmentalpchanges.p-
pANSWERpc)pVirusesparepconsideredp"nonliving"pforpallpofpthepfollowingpreasonspEXCE
PTpthatptheyp*possesspDNApthatpcanpevolve*.
WhichpispapmacromolecularpdifferencepbetweenpthepDomainspBacteriapandpArchaea?
a)pArchaeapcontainpapnucleuspandpBacteriapdopnot.
b)pBacteriapcontainpDNApandpArchaeapdopnot.
c)pBacteriapcontainpapplasmapmembranepandpArchaeapdopnot.
d)pBacteriapcellpwallpcontainsppeptidoglycanpandpthepArchaeapcellpwallpdoespnot.
e)pArchaeapcontainpmultipleptypespofpRNAppolymerasepandpBacteriaphasponlyponeptype.
p-
pANSWERpd)pApmacrobolecularpdifferencepbetweenpthepDomainspBacteriapandpArchae
apispthatp*BacteriapcellpwallpcontainsppeptidoglycanpandpthepArchaeapcellpwallpdoespnot*.
ThepsizepandpshapespofpArchaeanpcellspsuggestprelatednesspto:
a)pBacteria
b)pProkaryotes
c)pEukaryotes
d)pAllpotherplifepforms
e)pNopotherplifepforms;ptheirpsizespandpshapesparepuniquep-
pANSWERpa)pthepsizepandpshapespofpArchaeanpcellspsuggestprelatednessptop*Bacteria*
PhosholipidpstructurepinpArchaeanpcellspsuggestsprelatednesspto:
a)pBacteria
b)pProkaryotes
c)pEukaryotes
d)pAllpotherplifepforms
e)pNopotherplifepforms;ptheirpstructurepispuniquep-
pANSWERpe)pPhospholipidpstructurepinpArchaeanpcellspsuggestsprelatednessptop*nopot
herplifepforms;ptheirpstructurepispunique*
Whichpmolecularptoolpmostpassistedpinpprovidingpapmorepreliablepwayptopverifypthepasser
tionspmadepbypWoesepetpalpinptheirp1990ppaperponpphylogeny?
a)pPolymerasepchainpreaction
b)pRNAptopDNApconversionpusingpreverseptranscriptase
,c)pRNApsequencing
d)pDNApsequencing
e)pProteinpsequencingp-
pANSWERpa)p*Polymerasepchainpreaction*pwaspthepmolecularptoolpusedptopprovidepapm
orepreliablepwayptopverifypthepassertionspmadepbypWoesepetpalpinptheirp1990ppaperponpph
ylogeny
IfpE.pcolipDNAppolymerase,pnotpTaqppolymerasepwerepusedpinppolymerasepchainpreactio
npassaysptopamplifypSSUrRNApgenepsequences,pwepwouldpexpectptopsee:
a)pincreasedpshortpfragmentpDNApsequences
b)pdecreasedpshortpfragmentpDNApsequences
c)pthepsamepnumberpofpshortpfragmentpDNApsequences
d)pincreasdplongpfragmentpDNApsequences
e)pdecreasedplongpfragmentpDNApsequencesp-
pANSWERpb)pifpE.pcolipDNAppolymerasepwerepusedpinppolymerasepchainptractionpassay
sptopamplifypSSUrRNApgenepsequences,pwepwouldpexpectptopseep*decreasedpshortpfra
gmentpDNApsequences*.
FigurepB1.1p(otherpsidepofpcard)prepresentspanpartist'spattemptptopillustratepthepprocessp
ofpPCR.pWhatpispthepmostpsignificantperrorpyoupnoticepinpthispfigure?
a)pDNApstrandsparepnotpfullypdenatured
b)pPrimersparepnotpannealed
c)pPCRpproductspcannotpseparatepfromptemplatepDNA
d)pTaqppolymerasepispnotpshownpinpthepillustration
e)pdNTPsparepnotpshownpinpthepillustrationp-
pANSWERpa)p*DNApstrandsparepnotpfullypdenatured*
Selectpthepanswerpchoicepwithpthepcorrectporderpinpwhichpthesepstructurespevolvedpinppl
antpcells:
a)pmitochondria,pcellpwalls,pchloroplasts
b)pmitochondria,pchloroplasts,pcellpwalls
c)pchloroplasts,pmitochondria,pcellpwalls
d)pchloroplasts,pcellpwalls,pmitochondria
e)pcellpwalls,pmitochondria,pchloroplastsp-
pANSWERpb)pThepcorrectporderpinpwhichpstructurespevolvedpinpplantpcellspis:p*mitrochon
driap->pchloroplatsp->pcellpwalls*
ApproximatelypwhenpdidpprimitivepcellspfirstpappearponpEarth?
a)p1pbillionpyearspago
b)p2pbillionpyearspago
c)p2.5pbillionpyearspago
d)p3pbillionpyearspago
e)p3.8pbillionpyearspagop-
pANSWERpe)pprimitivepcellspfirstpappearedponpEarthp*3.8pbillionpyearspago*
Whichpofptheseparepfossilizedpmicrobialpmatspcontainingpphotosyntheticpbacteria?
, a)pStromatolites
b)pBiofilms
c)pResin
d)pCyanobacteria
e)pStalagmitesp-
pANSWERpa)p*stromatolites*parepfossilizedpmicrobialpmatspcontainingpphotosyntheticpb
acteria
WhichpstatementpbelowpispFALSEpconcerningpthepatmospherepofpearlypearth?
a)pThepatmospherepwaspapreducingpatmosphere.p
b)pOxygenpwasppresentpinpverypminutepamounts.
c)pCarbonpdioxidepwasppresentpinpverypminutepamounts.
d)pHydrogenpgaspwasppresent.p-
pANSWERpc)pThepatmospherepofpearlypearthpcontainedp*carbonpdioxideppresentpinphigh
pconcentration,pnotpverypminutepamounts*
ThepdiscoverypofpribozymespprovidespevidencepthatplifeponpthepearlypEarthpmayphavepbe
enpbasedpon:
a)pDNA.
b)pproteins.
c)pRNA.
d)plipids.
e)ppolysaccharides.p-
pANSWERpc)pthepdiscoverypofpribozymespprovidespevidencepthatplifeponpthepearlypEarch
pmayphavepbeenpbasedponp*RNA*
WhatpispthepEndosymbioticpTheorypispusedptopexplain?
a)ptheprapidpevolutionpofpviruses
b)pantiphagocyticpabilitiespofpparasiticpprotozoa
c)pemergencepofpcellpwalls
d)ppresencepofpmitochondriapinpeukaryotes
e)pdevelopmentpofpthepnucleuspinpeukaryotesp-
pANSWERpd)pthepEndosymbioticpTheorypispusedptopexplainp*presencepof pmitochondriapi
npeukaryotes*
Youparepapscientificpillustratorpworkingponpthispfigurep(backpofpcard)pYourpprimarypintenti
onpwhenprevisingpthispfigurepisptopemphasizepthepconceptpofpsemi-
conservativepreplication.pWhatpcolorpchangespwouldpyoupmakeptopthepfigureptopenhance
pcomprehension?
a)pmakepallpDNApstrandspbluepinpthepfigure
b)pmakepthepdsDNApapblue-
greenphybridpandpeachpnewlypsynthesizedpstrandpofpthepcolorpthatpmakespthepnewpdsD
NApblue-greenphybridpinpappearanceptoo
c)pchangepallpDNApstrandsptopbepdifferentpcolors
d)pdopnotpmakepanypchanges,psemi-conservativepreplicationpispclearlypconceptualized
p p p p p p
1938168147 Chapter 1-26 Complete Guide.
p p p p
Whichpofpthesepispconsideredptopbepthepsmallestpunitpofplife?
a)pthepnucleus
b)pthepmitochondrion
c)papplasmid
d)pthepcell
e)papprionp-pANSWERpd)pThepsmallestpunitpofplifepisp*thepcell*.
ThepstudypofpmicrobiologypincludespallpofpthepfollowingpEXCEPTp_____p.
a)pplants
b)pviruses
c)pbacteria
d)pfungi
e)palgaep-
pANSWERpa)pThepstudypofpmicrobiologypincludespallpofpthepfollowingpEXCEPT p*plants*.
WhatppercentpofpthepdrypweightpofpthepcellpispcomposedpofpDNA?
a)p2p-p5
b)p12p-15
c)p25p-p30
d)p35p-40
e)p50p-p55p-pANSWERpa)p*2-5*p%pofpthepdrypweightpofpthepcellpispcomposedpofpDNA
WhatparepthepthreepDomainspofplife?
a)pMonera,pAnimals,pandpPlants
b)pBacteria,pArchaea,pandpEukarya
c)pProkaryote,pEukaryote,pandpFungi
d)pAnimals,pPlants,pandpBacteria
e)pProkaryote,pEukaryote,pArchaeap-
pANSWERpb)p*Bacteria,pAchaea,pandpEukarya*parepthepthreepDomainspof plife.
Whichpofpthepcharacteristicspofplifepispnotpdisplayedpbypanypindividualporganism?
a)pmetabolism
b)pgrowth
c)preproduction
d)pevolution
,e)presponse
f)phomeostasisp-
pANSWERpd)p*Evolution*pispNOTpapcharacteristicpofplifepdisplayedpbypanypindividualporg
anism.
Virusesparepconsideredp"nonliving"pforpallpofpthepfollowingpreasonspEXCEPTpthatpthey:
a)pneedpaphostpcellpforpreplication.
b)parepmetabolicallypinert.
c)ppossesspDNApthatpcanpevolve.
d)pdopnotpmaintainpinternalphomeostasis.
e)parepnotpresponsiveptopenvironmentalpchanges.p-
pANSWERpc)pVirusesparepconsideredp"nonliving"pforpallpofpthepfollowingpreasonspEXCE
PTpthatptheyp*possesspDNApthatpcanpevolve*.
WhichpispapmacromolecularpdifferencepbetweenpthepDomainspBacteriapandpArchaea?
a)pArchaeapcontainpapnucleuspandpBacteriapdopnot.
b)pBacteriapcontainpDNApandpArchaeapdopnot.
c)pBacteriapcontainpapplasmapmembranepandpArchaeapdopnot.
d)pBacteriapcellpwallpcontainsppeptidoglycanpandpthepArchaeapcellpwallpdoespnot.
e)pArchaeapcontainpmultipleptypespofpRNAppolymerasepandpBacteriaphasponlyponeptype.
p-
pANSWERpd)pApmacrobolecularpdifferencepbetweenpthepDomainspBacteriapandpArchae
apispthatp*BacteriapcellpwallpcontainsppeptidoglycanpandpthepArchaeapcellpwallpdoespnot*.
ThepsizepandpshapespofpArchaeanpcellspsuggestprelatednesspto:
a)pBacteria
b)pProkaryotes
c)pEukaryotes
d)pAllpotherplifepforms
e)pNopotherplifepforms;ptheirpsizespandpshapesparepuniquep-
pANSWERpa)pthepsizepandpshapespofpArchaeanpcellspsuggestprelatednessptop*Bacteria*
PhosholipidpstructurepinpArchaeanpcellspsuggestsprelatednesspto:
a)pBacteria
b)pProkaryotes
c)pEukaryotes
d)pAllpotherplifepforms
e)pNopotherplifepforms;ptheirpstructurepispuniquep-
pANSWERpe)pPhospholipidpstructurepinpArchaeanpcellspsuggestsprelatednessptop*nopot
herplifepforms;ptheirpstructurepispunique*
Whichpmolecularptoolpmostpassistedpinpprovidingpapmorepreliablepwayptopverifypthepasser
tionspmadepbypWoesepetpalpinptheirp1990ppaperponpphylogeny?
a)pPolymerasepchainpreaction
b)pRNAptopDNApconversionpusingpreverseptranscriptase
,c)pRNApsequencing
d)pDNApsequencing
e)pProteinpsequencingp-
pANSWERpa)p*Polymerasepchainpreaction*pwaspthepmolecularptoolpusedptopprovidepapm
orepreliablepwayptopverifypthepassertionspmadepbypWoesepetpalpinptheirp1990ppaperponpph
ylogeny
IfpE.pcolipDNAppolymerase,pnotpTaqppolymerasepwerepusedpinppolymerasepchainpreactio
npassaysptopamplifypSSUrRNApgenepsequences,pwepwouldpexpectptopsee:
a)pincreasedpshortpfragmentpDNApsequences
b)pdecreasedpshortpfragmentpDNApsequences
c)pthepsamepnumberpofpshortpfragmentpDNApsequences
d)pincreasdplongpfragmentpDNApsequences
e)pdecreasedplongpfragmentpDNApsequencesp-
pANSWERpb)pifpE.pcolipDNAppolymerasepwerepusedpinppolymerasepchainptractionpassay
sptopamplifypSSUrRNApgenepsequences,pwepwouldpexpectptopseep*decreasedpshortpfra
gmentpDNApsequences*.
FigurepB1.1p(otherpsidepofpcard)prepresentspanpartist'spattemptptopillustratepthepprocessp
ofpPCR.pWhatpispthepmostpsignificantperrorpyoupnoticepinpthispfigure?
a)pDNApstrandsparepnotpfullypdenatured
b)pPrimersparepnotpannealed
c)pPCRpproductspcannotpseparatepfromptemplatepDNA
d)pTaqppolymerasepispnotpshownpinpthepillustration
e)pdNTPsparepnotpshownpinpthepillustrationp-
pANSWERpa)p*DNApstrandsparepnotpfullypdenatured*
Selectpthepanswerpchoicepwithpthepcorrectporderpinpwhichpthesepstructurespevolvedpinppl
antpcells:
a)pmitochondria,pcellpwalls,pchloroplasts
b)pmitochondria,pchloroplasts,pcellpwalls
c)pchloroplasts,pmitochondria,pcellpwalls
d)pchloroplasts,pcellpwalls,pmitochondria
e)pcellpwalls,pmitochondria,pchloroplastsp-
pANSWERpb)pThepcorrectporderpinpwhichpstructurespevolvedpinpplantpcellspis:p*mitrochon
driap->pchloroplatsp->pcellpwalls*
ApproximatelypwhenpdidpprimitivepcellspfirstpappearponpEarth?
a)p1pbillionpyearspago
b)p2pbillionpyearspago
c)p2.5pbillionpyearspago
d)p3pbillionpyearspago
e)p3.8pbillionpyearspagop-
pANSWERpe)pprimitivepcellspfirstpappearedponpEarthp*3.8pbillionpyearspago*
Whichpofptheseparepfossilizedpmicrobialpmatspcontainingpphotosyntheticpbacteria?
, a)pStromatolites
b)pBiofilms
c)pResin
d)pCyanobacteria
e)pStalagmitesp-
pANSWERpa)p*stromatolites*parepfossilizedpmicrobialpmatspcontainingpphotosyntheticpb
acteria
WhichpstatementpbelowpispFALSEpconcerningpthepatmospherepofpearlypearth?
a)pThepatmospherepwaspapreducingpatmosphere.p
b)pOxygenpwasppresentpinpverypminutepamounts.
c)pCarbonpdioxidepwasppresentpinpverypminutepamounts.
d)pHydrogenpgaspwasppresent.p-
pANSWERpc)pThepatmospherepofpearlypearthpcontainedp*carbonpdioxideppresentpinphigh
pconcentration,pnotpverypminutepamounts*
ThepdiscoverypofpribozymespprovidespevidencepthatplifeponpthepearlypEarthpmayphavepbe
enpbasedpon:
a)pDNA.
b)pproteins.
c)pRNA.
d)plipids.
e)ppolysaccharides.p-
pANSWERpc)pthepdiscoverypofpribozymespprovidespevidencepthatplifeponpthepearlypEarch
pmayphavepbeenpbasedponp*RNA*
WhatpispthepEndosymbioticpTheorypispusedptopexplain?
a)ptheprapidpevolutionpofpviruses
b)pantiphagocyticpabilitiespofpparasiticpprotozoa
c)pemergencepofpcellpwalls
d)ppresencepofpmitochondriapinpeukaryotes
e)pdevelopmentpofpthepnucleuspinpeukaryotesp-
pANSWERpd)pthepEndosymbioticpTheorypispusedptopexplainp*presencepof pmitochondriapi
npeukaryotes*
Youparepapscientificpillustratorpworkingponpthispfigurep(backpofpcard)pYourpprimarypintenti
onpwhenprevisingpthispfigurepisptopemphasizepthepconceptpofpsemi-
conservativepreplication.pWhatpcolorpchangespwouldpyoupmakeptopthepfigureptopenhance
pcomprehension?
a)pmakepallpDNApstrandspbluepinpthepfigure
b)pmakepthepdsDNApapblue-
greenphybridpandpeachpnewlypsynthesizedpstrandpofpthepcolorpthatpmakespthepnewpdsD
NApblue-greenphybridpinpappearanceptoo
c)pchangepallpDNApstrandsptopbepdifferentpcolors
d)pdopnotpmakepanypchanges,psemi-conservativepreplicationpispclearlypconceptualized
