CreatedsBy:sAsSolution
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecula
s s s s s s
r Diagnostics, 7e Burtis Test Bank A+ 2024
s s s s s s s
Chapter 01: Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory Medici
s s s s s s s s
ne Test Bank
s s
s
MULTIPLEsCHOICES
1.
Ansindividualsworkingsinsasclinicalschemistryslaboratorysissmarriedstosassalessrepresentatives
whosworkssforsascompanysthatssellsschemistryslaboratoryssupplies.sWhenstheslaboratorysmanagersre
questssaslistsofsneededssupplies,scostsofssupplies,sandsvendors,sthissindividualsonlysrecommendssthess
pouse’sscompanysassthesvendor.sThississconsideredstosbesa(n):
a. accountingsissue.
b. possiblesconflictsofsinterest.
c. maintenancesofsconfidentialitysissue.
d. problemswithsresourcesallocation.
ANS:sB
Concernshassbeensraisedsoversthesinterrelationshipssbetweenspractitionerssinsthesmedicalsfieldsandsco
mmercialssupplierssofsdrugs,sdevices,sequipment,setc.,stosthesmedicalsprofession.
Similarly,srelationshipsshavesbeensscrutinizedsbetweensclinicalslaboratorianssandsmanufacturerssand
providerssofsdiagnosticsequipmentsandssupplies.sThesesconcernssledsthesNationalsInstitutessofsHealt
s
hs(NIH)sins1995stosrequiresofficialsinstitutionalsreviewsofsfinancialsdisclosuresbysresearcherssandsma
nagementsofssituationssinswhichsdisclosuresindicatesspotentialsconflictssofsinterest.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages4-5 OBJ:s6s|s7
2.
Aspatientsvisitsshersphysiciansstatingsthatshersprescribedspainkillersissnotsworkingstosreducest
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hespainsfollowingshersrecentssurgery.sAsfriendsofsthespatientsclaimssthatsthessamespainkillers“workeds
wonders”stosreducesherspainsaftersthessamessurgery.sThesphysiciansstatessthatsthesdifferencesinstheseff
ectsofsthesdrugsmightsbescausedsby ,swhichsissstudiedsinspharmacogenetics.
a. epidemiology
b. ansinheritedsdisease
c. asconflictsofsinterest
d. asgeneticsvariationsinsdrug-metabolizingsenzymes
ANS:sD
Pharmacogeneticssissthesstudysofsthesgeneticsvariationsofsdrugsmetabolismsbetweensindividuals.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s1
3.
Johnsworkssinsasmolecularsdiagnosticsslaboratorysandsreceivessasbloodssamplesthatshassthesna
mesofsasclosesfriendsprintedsonsthesbar-
codedslabel.sThesgeneticsteststhatsissorderedsonsthesfriend’sssampleswouldsprovidesdiagnosticsinform
ationsaboutsasdisordersthatshassaspoorsprognosis,sandsthestestsissusuallysperformedsbysJohn.sHesaskssas
fellowsemployeestosanalyzesthessamplesforshimsandsnotsdivulgesthesresults.sThissethicalsissuesconcer
ns:
a. confidentialitysofspatientsgeneticsandsmedicalsinformation.
b. asconflictsofsinterest.
c. resourcesallocation.
d. diagnosticsaccuracy.
s
ANS:sA
Clinicalslaboratoriansshaveslongsbeensresponsiblesforsmaintainingsthesconfidentialitysofsallslaborator
ysresults,sassituationsmadesevensmorescriticalswithsthesadventsofsincreasinglyspowerfulsgeneticstestin
g.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages4 OBJ:s6s|s7
4. Molecularsdiagnosticstestingsmethodssandsresultsscansbe:
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a. qualitativesonly.
b. quantitativesonly.
c. eithersqualitativesorsquantitative.
ANS:sC
Molecularsdiagnosticsmethodsscansbeseithersqualitativesorsquantitativesinsnature,sdependingsonsthescl
inicalsneed.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s5
5.
Clinicalsepidemiology,swhichsissthesstudysofsthespatterns,scauses,sandseffectssofshealthsandsdi
seasesinscertainspopulations,shassprovidedsthesclinicalslaboratoryswithsmethodssthatsevaluatestheseffe
ctssandsoutcomessofslaboratorystesting.sThissallowssforsasmoreseffective:
a. processsofsdeterminingsthescostsofsthestestingsmethods.
b. selectionsandsinterpretationsofslaboratorystests.
c. determinationsofsthesboundariessbetweensthescomponentssofsthesclinicalslab.
d. conductsassessment.
ANS:sA
Clinicalsepidemiologistsshavesintroducedsmethodsstosevaluatestheseffectssandsvaluesofslaboratorystes
tingsinshealthcare.sThesesdevelopmentssaresexpectedstosplaysansincreasingsrolesinsthesselectionsandsin
terpretationsofslaboratorystests.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s4
6.
Analysissofswhichsonesofsthesfollowingsbysmolecularsdiagnosticsmethodssprovidessasmeasure
ofsprocessessthatsaresongoingsatsthestimesofsbloodssampling?
s
a. Geneticsvariationsinsansindividual’ssresponsestosasdrug
b. Circulatingsplasmasnucleicsacids
c. Malignantslymphomas
d. Histocompatibility
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, CreatedsBy:sAsSolution
ANS:sB
Molecularsdiagnostics,sgivensitssveryshighssensitivity,shassbeensappliedstosthesstudysofsplasmasnuclei
csacidss(orscirculatingsnucleicsacids).sPlasmasnucleicsacidssanalysisshassbeensmadespossiblesbysthesdi
scoverysthatsdyingscellssinsthesbodysreleasestheirsDNAsandsRNAsintosthesextracellularscompartments
andsultimatelysintosthesbloodstream,swherestheyscansbesdetectedsandsanalyzed.sGivenstheirsshortshalf
-
lifesinscirculations(lesssthans24shours),splasmasnucleicsacidssprovidesasmeasuresofsprocessessthatsareso
ngoingsatsthestimesofsbloodssampling.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s5
s
7.
Ashealthysindividualswithsnosclinicalssignssorssymptomssofsdiseasesvisitsshissphysiciansforsasr
outinesphysicalsexamination.sBloodssamplessarescollectedsandssentstostheslaboratory.sThestestssreque
stedsonsthessamplesaresforsgeneralslaboratorysanalyses,sincludingsascompletesbloodscount,saspanelsofs
generalschemistrystestss(includingsglucose,sprotein,scholesterol,sandsothers),sandsansanalysissofsurine
.sThisstypesofstestingsinslaboratorysmedicinesissdirectedsat:
a. confirmingsasclinicalssuspicionsofsdisease.
b. selectingsastreatmentsforsdisease.
c. rulingsinsasdiagnosis.
d. screeningsforsdiseasesinsthesabsencesofsclinicalssignssorssymptoms.
ANS:sD
Testingsinslaboratorysmedicinesmaysbesdirectedsats(1)sconfirmingsasclinicalssuspicion;s(2)smaking,sor
rulingsin,sasdiagnosis;s(3)sexcluding,sorsrulingsout,sasdiagnosis;,s(4)sassistingsinsthesselection,soptimi
s
zation,sandsmonitoringsofstreatment;s(5)sprovidingsasprognosis;s(6)sscreeningsforsdiseasesinsthesabsen
cesofsclinicalssignssorssymptoms;sors(7)sestablishingsandsmonitoringsthesseveritysofsasphysiologicsdist
urbance.sThesfieldsofslaboratorysmedicinesincludessclinicalschemistrysandsareasssuchsassmicrobiolog
ysandshematology.sThesgeneralstestssorderedsonsthisshealthysindividualsaresdonestosscreensthesphysiol
ogicssystemssdespitesthesabsencesofsanyssymptoms.
DIF: 2 REF:sssPages2 OBJ:s2
https://www.stuvia.com/user/asolution
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecula
s s s s s s
r Diagnostics, 7e Burtis Test Bank A+ 2024
s s s s s s s
Chapter 01: Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory Medici
s s s s s s s s
ne Test Bank
s s
s
MULTIPLEsCHOICES
1.
Ansindividualsworkingsinsasclinicalschemistryslaboratorysissmarriedstosassalessrepresentatives
whosworkssforsascompanysthatssellsschemistryslaboratoryssupplies.sWhenstheslaboratorysmanagersre
questssaslistsofsneededssupplies,scostsofssupplies,sandsvendors,sthissindividualsonlysrecommendssthess
pouse’sscompanysassthesvendor.sThississconsideredstosbesa(n):
a. accountingsissue.
b. possiblesconflictsofsinterest.
c. maintenancesofsconfidentialitysissue.
d. problemswithsresourcesallocation.
ANS:sB
Concernshassbeensraisedsoversthesinterrelationshipssbetweenspractitionerssinsthesmedicalsfieldsandsco
mmercialssupplierssofsdrugs,sdevices,sequipment,setc.,stosthesmedicalsprofession.
Similarly,srelationshipsshavesbeensscrutinizedsbetweensclinicalslaboratorianssandsmanufacturerssand
providerssofsdiagnosticsequipmentsandssupplies.sThesesconcernssledsthesNationalsInstitutessofsHealt
s
hs(NIH)sins1995stosrequiresofficialsinstitutionalsreviewsofsfinancialsdisclosuresbysresearcherssandsma
nagementsofssituationssinswhichsdisclosuresindicatesspotentialsconflictssofsinterest.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages4-5 OBJ:s6s|s7
2.
Aspatientsvisitsshersphysiciansstatingsthatshersprescribedspainkillersissnotsworkingstosreducest
https://www.stuvia.com/user/asolution
,CreatedsBy:sAsSolution
hespainsfollowingshersrecentssurgery.sAsfriendsofsthespatientsclaimssthatsthessamespainkillers“workeds
wonders”stosreducesherspainsaftersthessamessurgery.sThesphysiciansstatessthatsthesdifferencesinstheseff
ectsofsthesdrugsmightsbescausedsby ,swhichsissstudiedsinspharmacogenetics.
a. epidemiology
b. ansinheritedsdisease
c. asconflictsofsinterest
d. asgeneticsvariationsinsdrug-metabolizingsenzymes
ANS:sD
Pharmacogeneticssissthesstudysofsthesgeneticsvariationsofsdrugsmetabolismsbetweensindividuals.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s1
3.
Johnsworkssinsasmolecularsdiagnosticsslaboratorysandsreceivessasbloodssamplesthatshassthesna
mesofsasclosesfriendsprintedsonsthesbar-
codedslabel.sThesgeneticsteststhatsissorderedsonsthesfriend’sssampleswouldsprovidesdiagnosticsinform
ationsaboutsasdisordersthatshassaspoorsprognosis,sandsthestestsissusuallysperformedsbysJohn.sHesaskssas
fellowsemployeestosanalyzesthessamplesforshimsandsnotsdivulgesthesresults.sThissethicalsissuesconcer
ns:
a. confidentialitysofspatientsgeneticsandsmedicalsinformation.
b. asconflictsofsinterest.
c. resourcesallocation.
d. diagnosticsaccuracy.
s
ANS:sA
Clinicalslaboratoriansshaveslongsbeensresponsiblesforsmaintainingsthesconfidentialitysofsallslaborator
ysresults,sassituationsmadesevensmorescriticalswithsthesadventsofsincreasinglyspowerfulsgeneticstestin
g.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages4 OBJ:s6s|s7
4. Molecularsdiagnosticstestingsmethodssandsresultsscansbe:
https://www.stuvia.com/user/asolution
,CreatedsBy:sAsSolution
a. qualitativesonly.
b. quantitativesonly.
c. eithersqualitativesorsquantitative.
ANS:sC
Molecularsdiagnosticsmethodsscansbeseithersqualitativesorsquantitativesinsnature,sdependingsonsthescl
inicalsneed.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s5
5.
Clinicalsepidemiology,swhichsissthesstudysofsthespatterns,scauses,sandseffectssofshealthsandsdi
seasesinscertainspopulations,shassprovidedsthesclinicalslaboratoryswithsmethodssthatsevaluatestheseffe
ctssandsoutcomessofslaboratorystesting.sThissallowssforsasmoreseffective:
a. processsofsdeterminingsthescostsofsthestestingsmethods.
b. selectionsandsinterpretationsofslaboratorystests.
c. determinationsofsthesboundariessbetweensthescomponentssofsthesclinicalslab.
d. conductsassessment.
ANS:sA
Clinicalsepidemiologistsshavesintroducedsmethodsstosevaluatestheseffectssandsvaluesofslaboratorystes
tingsinshealthcare.sThesesdevelopmentssaresexpectedstosplaysansincreasingsrolesinsthesselectionsandsin
terpretationsofslaboratorystests.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s4
6.
Analysissofswhichsonesofsthesfollowingsbysmolecularsdiagnosticsmethodssprovidessasmeasure
ofsprocessessthatsaresongoingsatsthestimesofsbloodssampling?
s
a. Geneticsvariationsinsansindividual’ssresponsestosasdrug
b. Circulatingsplasmasnucleicsacids
c. Malignantslymphomas
d. Histocompatibility
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, CreatedsBy:sAsSolution
ANS:sB
Molecularsdiagnostics,sgivensitssveryshighssensitivity,shassbeensappliedstosthesstudysofsplasmasnuclei
csacidss(orscirculatingsnucleicsacids).sPlasmasnucleicsacidssanalysisshassbeensmadespossiblesbysthesdi
scoverysthatsdyingscellssinsthesbodysreleasestheirsDNAsandsRNAsintosthesextracellularscompartments
andsultimatelysintosthesbloodstream,swherestheyscansbesdetectedsandsanalyzed.sGivenstheirsshortshalf
-
lifesinscirculations(lesssthans24shours),splasmasnucleicsacidssprovidesasmeasuresofsprocessessthatsareso
ngoingsatsthestimesofsbloodssampling.
DIF: 1 REF:sssPages3 OBJ:s5
s
7.
Ashealthysindividualswithsnosclinicalssignssorssymptomssofsdiseasesvisitsshissphysiciansforsasr
outinesphysicalsexamination.sBloodssamplessarescollectedsandssentstostheslaboratory.sThestestssreque
stedsonsthessamplesaresforsgeneralslaboratorysanalyses,sincludingsascompletesbloodscount,saspanelsofs
generalschemistrystestss(includingsglucose,sprotein,scholesterol,sandsothers),sandsansanalysissofsurine
.sThisstypesofstestingsinslaboratorysmedicinesissdirectedsat:
a. confirmingsasclinicalssuspicionsofsdisease.
b. selectingsastreatmentsforsdisease.
c. rulingsinsasdiagnosis.
d. screeningsforsdiseasesinsthesabsencesofsclinicalssignssorssymptoms.
ANS:sD
Testingsinslaboratorysmedicinesmaysbesdirectedsats(1)sconfirmingsasclinicalssuspicion;s(2)smaking,sor
rulingsin,sasdiagnosis;s(3)sexcluding,sorsrulingsout,sasdiagnosis;,s(4)sassistingsinsthesselection,soptimi
s
zation,sandsmonitoringsofstreatment;s(5)sprovidingsasprognosis;s(6)sscreeningsforsdiseasesinsthesabsen
cesofsclinicalssignssorssymptoms;sors(7)sestablishingsandsmonitoringsthesseveritysofsasphysiologicsdist
urbance.sThesfieldsofslaboratorysmedicinesincludessclinicalschemistrysandsareasssuchsassmicrobiolog
ysandshematology.sThesgeneralstestssorderedsonsthisshealthysindividualsaresdonestosscreensthesphysiol
ogicssystemssdespitesthesabsencesofsanyssymptoms.
DIF: 2 REF:sssPages2 OBJ:s2
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