Test Bank For Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition by Karen G. Duderstadt | 2019/2020| 9780323476508 |Chapter 1-20 | Complete Questions and Answers A+

TEST BANK FOR PERDIl l l




ARICPHYSICALEXAM l l




INATION An l




Illustrated Handbook 3rd l l
l




Edition Duderstadt l




Chapterl1:lApproachltolCarelandlAssessmentloflChildrenlandlAdolescents

MULTIPLElCHOICE

1. Alnurselislreviewingldevelopmentallconceptslforlinfantslandlchildren.lWhichlstatementlbestldes
cribesldevelopmentlinlinfantslandlchildren?

a. Development,lalpredictablelandlorderlylprocess,loccurslatlvaryinglrateslwithinlnormalllimits.

b. Developmentlislprimarilylrelatedltolthelgrowthlinlthelnumberlandlsizeloflcells.

, c. Developmentloccurslinlalproximodistalldirectionlwithlfinelmuscleldevelopmentloccurringlfirs
t.

d. Developmentlislmoreleasilylandlaccuratelylmeasuredlthanlgrowth.


ANS:lA

Development,lalcontinuouslorderlylprocess,lprovideslthelbasislforlincreaseslinlthelchildslfunctionlandlc
omplexityloflbehavior.lThelincreaseslinlrateloflfunctionlandlcomplexitylcanlvarylnormallylwithinllimit
slforleachlchild.lAnlincreaselinlthelnumberlandlsizeloflcellslislaldefinitionlforlgrowth.lDevelopmentlproc
eedslinlalproximodistalldirectionlwithlfinelmusclelorganizationloccurringlaslalresultlofllargelmusclelor
ganization.lDevelopmentlislalmorelcomplexlprocesslthatlislaffectedlbylmanylfactors;ltherefore,litlislles
sleasilylandlaccuratelylmeasured.lGrowthlislalpredictablelprocesslwithlstandardlmeasurementlmethods
.

2. Frequentldevelopmentallassessmentslarelimportantlforlwhichlreason?

a. Stableldevelopmentallperiodslduringlinfancylprovidelanlopportunityltolidentifylanyldelayslorldefi
cits.

b. Infantslneedlstimulationlspecificltolthelstagelofldevelopment.

c. Criticallperiodslofldevelopmentloccurlduringlchildhood.

d. Childldevelopmentlislunpredictablelandlneedslmonitoring.




ANS:lC

Criticallperiodslarelblockslofltimelduringlwhichlchildrenlarelreadyltolmasterlspecificldevelopmentallta
sks.lChildrenlcanlmasterltheseltaskslmoreleasilylduringlparticularlperiodslofltimelinltheirlgrowthlandlde
velopmentallprocess.lInfancylislaldynamicltimelofldevelopmentlthatlrequireslfrequentlevaluationsltola
ssesslappropriateldevelopmentallprogress.lInfantslinlalnurturinglenvironmentlwillldeveloplappropriat
elylandlwilllnotlnecessarilylneedlstimulationlspecificltoltheirldevelopmentallstage.lNormallgrowthlandl
developmentlarelorderlylandlproceedlinlalpredictablelpatternlonlthelbasislofleachlindividualslabilitiesla
ndlpotentials.

3. Whichlfactorlhaslthelgreatestlinfluencelonlchildlgrowthlandldevelopment?

a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

, d. Nutrition


ANS:lC

Geneticlfactorsl(heredity)ldetermineleachlindividualslgrowthlandldevelopmentallrate.lAlthoughlfactor
slsuchlaslenvironment,lculture,lnutrition,landlfamilylcanlinfluencelgeneticltraits,ltheyldolnotleliminatelt
heleffectloflthelgeneticlendowment,lwhichlislpermanent.lCulturelislalsignificantlfactorlthatlinfluenceslh
owlchildrenlgrowltowardladulthood.lCulturelinfluenceslbothlgrowthlandldevelopmentlbutldoeslnotleli
minatelinbornlgeneticlinfluences.lEnvironmentlhaslalsignificantlrolelinldetermininglgrowthlandldevel
opmentlbothlbeforelandlafterlbirth.lThelenvironmentlcanlinfluencelhowlandltolwhichlextentlgeneticltra
itslarelmanifested,lbutlenvironmentallfactorslcannotleliminateltheleffectloflgenetics.lNutritionlislcritica
llforlgrowthlandlplayslalsignificantlrolelthroughoutlchildhood.

4. Alnurselislplanninglalteachinglsessionlwithlalchild.lAccordingltolPiagetianltheory,lthelperiodloflco
gnitiveldevelopmentlinlwhichlthelchildlislableltoldistinguishlfactlfromlfantasylislthelperiodloflcogniti
veldevelopment.

a. sensorimotor

, b. formalloperations

c. concreteloperations

d. preoperational


ANS:lC

Concreteloperationslislthelperiodloflcognitiveldevelopmentlinlwhichlchildrenslthinkinglislshiftedlfro
mlegocentricltolbeinglableltolseelanotherslpointloflview.lTheyldeveloplthelabilityltoldistinguishlfactlfro
mlfantasy.lThelsensorimotorlstageloccurslinlinfancylandlislalperiodloflreflexivelbehavior.lDuringlthisl
period,lthelinfantslworldlbecomeslmorelpermanentlandlorganized.lThelstagelendslwithlthelinfantldemo
nstratinglsomelevidenceloflreasoning.lFormalloperationslislalperiodlinldevelopmentlinlwhichlnewlidea
slarelcreatedlthroughlpreviouslthoughts.lAnalyticlreasonlandlabstractlthoughtlemergelinlthislperiod.lTh
elpreoperationallstagelislalperiodloflegocentrismlinlwhichlthelchildsljudgmentslarelillogicallandldomin
atedlbylmagicallthinkinglandlanimism.

5. Theltheoristlwholviewedldevelopmentallprogressionlaslallifelonglseriesloflconflictslthatlneedlreso
lutionlis:

a. Erikson.

b. Freud.

c. Kohlberg.

d. Piaget.


ANS:lA

EriklEriksonlviewedldevelopmentlaslalseriesloflconflictslaffectedlbylsociallandlculturallfactors.lEachlc
onflictlmustlbelresolvedlforlthelchildltolprogresslemotionally,lwithlunsuccessfullresolutionlleavinglthel
childlemotionallyldisabled.lSigmundlFreudlproposedlalpsychosexualltheorylofldevelopmentlinlwhichl
certainlpartsloflthelbodylassumelpsychologicallsignificancelaslfociloflsexuallenergy.lThelfocilshiftlaslth
elindividuallmoveslthroughltheldifferentlstagesl(oral,lanal,lphallic,llatency,landlgenital)lofldevelopmen
t.lLawrencelKohlbergldescribedlmoralldevelopment