Bio 235 Midterm 1 Exam Questions With
Answers
metabolism - ANSWER- sum of al chemical processes
catabolism - ANSWER- that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism - ANSWER- the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size - ANSWER- 1. increase in the size of
existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation - ANSWER- unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - ANSWER- 1. tissue growth, repair or
replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells - ANSWER- intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells - ANSWER- extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - ANSWER- interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - ANSWER- controlled
condition
what is the stimulus - ANSWER- any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor - ANSWER- body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled
condition and sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input - ANSWER- flows towards the control center (nerve
impulse or chemical signal)
what is the control center - ANSWER- sets the range of values within which a controlled
condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and
generates output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway - ANSWER- flow away from control center to effector
,effector - ANSWER- body structure receiving output and brings about change and
produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system - ANSWER- reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop - ANSWER- strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled
condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial
change-child birth
disorder - ANSWER- abnormality of a structure or function
disease - ANSWER- illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptom - ANSWER- subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign - ANSWER- objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone - ANSWER- body is lying face down
supine - ANSWER- body is lying face up
ipsilateral - ANSWER- same side
contralateral - ANSWER- different sides
superficial - ANSWER- towards the surface of the skin
deep - ANSWER- away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane - ANSWER- divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane - ANSWER- divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane - ANSWER- unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) - ANSWER- divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
transverse plane - ANSWER- superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane
cross-sectional)
oblique plane - ANSWER- anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity - ANSWER- contains head
Vertebral (spine) cavity - ANSWER- contains spinal cord and vertebral column-
continuous of the cranial cavity
,Meninges - ANSWER- layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity - ANSWER- chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic
portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity - ANSWER- surrounds the heart
pleura cavity - ANSWER- surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity - ANSWER- inner layer
parietal layer of cavity - ANSWER- outer layer
mediastinum cavity - ANSWER- between the lugs extending from the sternum to the
vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus,
trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm - ANSWER- dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER- from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system
viscera - ANSWER- organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
major elements of body mass - ANSWER- nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
lesser elements 8 - ANSWER- Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium,
Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
what are the three subatomic particles - ANSWER- neutrons, protons, electrons
nucleus - ANSWER- core of an atom
proton - ANSWER- positively charged (in nucleus)
neutron - ANSWER- neutral no charge (in nucleus)
electrons - ANSWER- negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
number of protons =? - ANSWER- number of electrons
atomic number is what - ANSWER- number of protons/electrons
, mass number - ANSWER- sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - ANSWER- Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) - ANSWER- An isotope of an atom that
spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity into stable configuration
half-life - ANSWER- the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half
atomic mass/weight - ANSWER- average of the natural occurring isotopes
ion - ANSWER- has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal number of
protons and electrons
ionization - ANSWER- the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become stable
molecule - ANSWER- when two or more atoms share an electron
compound - ANSWER- substance made up of two or more different elements
free radicals - ANSWER- atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell making
it unstable-become stable by gaining or losing from another element (this breaks apart
important elements) UV rays, x-rays
ionic bond - ANSWER- force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
cation - ANSWER- positively charged ion-loses an electron
anion - ANSWER- negatively charged ion-gains an electron
electrolyte - ANSWER- an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive or negative
ions in a solution
covalent bond - ANSWER- two more more atoms share electrons
non-polar - ANSWER- equal sharing of electrons
polar - ANSWER- sharing of electrons is unequal
electronegativity - ANSWER- power to attract electrons to itself
hydrogen bond - ANSWER- forms when hydrogen bonds to N,O,F
Answers
metabolism - ANSWER- sum of al chemical processes
catabolism - ANSWER- that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism - ANSWER- the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size - ANSWER- 1. increase in the size of
existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation - ANSWER- unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - ANSWER- 1. tissue growth, repair or
replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells - ANSWER- intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells - ANSWER- extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - ANSWER- interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - ANSWER- controlled
condition
what is the stimulus - ANSWER- any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor - ANSWER- body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled
condition and sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input - ANSWER- flows towards the control center (nerve
impulse or chemical signal)
what is the control center - ANSWER- sets the range of values within which a controlled
condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and
generates output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway - ANSWER- flow away from control center to effector
,effector - ANSWER- body structure receiving output and brings about change and
produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system - ANSWER- reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop - ANSWER- strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled
condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial
change-child birth
disorder - ANSWER- abnormality of a structure or function
disease - ANSWER- illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptom - ANSWER- subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign - ANSWER- objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone - ANSWER- body is lying face down
supine - ANSWER- body is lying face up
ipsilateral - ANSWER- same side
contralateral - ANSWER- different sides
superficial - ANSWER- towards the surface of the skin
deep - ANSWER- away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane - ANSWER- divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane - ANSWER- divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane - ANSWER- unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) - ANSWER- divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
transverse plane - ANSWER- superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane
cross-sectional)
oblique plane - ANSWER- anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity - ANSWER- contains head
Vertebral (spine) cavity - ANSWER- contains spinal cord and vertebral column-
continuous of the cranial cavity
,Meninges - ANSWER- layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity - ANSWER- chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic
portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity - ANSWER- surrounds the heart
pleura cavity - ANSWER- surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity - ANSWER- inner layer
parietal layer of cavity - ANSWER- outer layer
mediastinum cavity - ANSWER- between the lugs extending from the sternum to the
vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus,
trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm - ANSWER- dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER- from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system
viscera - ANSWER- organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
major elements of body mass - ANSWER- nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
lesser elements 8 - ANSWER- Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium,
Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
what are the three subatomic particles - ANSWER- neutrons, protons, electrons
nucleus - ANSWER- core of an atom
proton - ANSWER- positively charged (in nucleus)
neutron - ANSWER- neutral no charge (in nucleus)
electrons - ANSWER- negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
number of protons =? - ANSWER- number of electrons
atomic number is what - ANSWER- number of protons/electrons
, mass number - ANSWER- sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - ANSWER- Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) - ANSWER- An isotope of an atom that
spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity into stable configuration
half-life - ANSWER- the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half
atomic mass/weight - ANSWER- average of the natural occurring isotopes
ion - ANSWER- has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal number of
protons and electrons
ionization - ANSWER- the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become stable
molecule - ANSWER- when two or more atoms share an electron
compound - ANSWER- substance made up of two or more different elements
free radicals - ANSWER- atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell making
it unstable-become stable by gaining or losing from another element (this breaks apart
important elements) UV rays, x-rays
ionic bond - ANSWER- force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
cation - ANSWER- positively charged ion-loses an electron
anion - ANSWER- negatively charged ion-gains an electron
electrolyte - ANSWER- an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive or negative
ions in a solution
covalent bond - ANSWER- two more more atoms share electrons
non-polar - ANSWER- equal sharing of electrons
polar - ANSWER- sharing of electrons is unequal
electronegativity - ANSWER- power to attract electrons to itself
hydrogen bond - ANSWER- forms when hydrogen bonds to N,O,F
