BBH 451: Exam #3 questions n answers
A+ graded 2025 updated
T/F: Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world - correct
answer ✔✔TRUE
What chemical family is caffeine categorized as? - correct answer ✔✔xanthine’s
T/F: caffeine is an agonist of Adenosine A2A receptor - correct answer ✔✔FALSE;
antagonist
Pharmacokinetics of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-Fast absorption in GI tract
-enters brain quickly (max. conc. 30-60min)
-liver metabolism (CYP1A2)
-metabolites have weak effects
-urine excretion
metabolites of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-theophylline (tea- bronchodilator)
-paraxanthine (major metabolite)
-theobromine (chocolate)
half-life of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔ranges from 2.5-10 hours (average= 5
hours)
,half-life of caffeine is influenced by: - correct answer ✔✔-dose
-pregnancy
-genetics
-age
-smoking
T/F: smoking increases the metabolism of caffeine? - correct answer ✔✔TRUE;
more caffeine needed; nicotine is an agonist at adenosine receptor and prevents
caffeine from binding
pharmacodynamics of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-binds to adenosine receptors
(1 & 3 inhibit cAMP)(2A and 2B stimulate via Goff)
-receptors 1 and 2 are reward
-stimulates locomotion
-stimulates DA release in nucleus accumbens
Peripheral effects of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-effect on bronchia (releases
constriction)
-increases heart rate, dilates coronary arteries
-contracts blood vessels, releasing pressure and headaches
-increases gastric acidproduction
-increases urinary output (diuretic)
,positive health effects of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-headache relief
-decreased risk of some cancers
-reduced risk of liver disease
-reduced risk of mood disorders like depression
-potentially reduced risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
-no causal link though
tolerance of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-withdrawal
-headaches
-drowsiness
-fatigue
-negative mood
caffeineism - correct answer ✔✔-12 cups/day
-agitation
-insomnia
-tremors
-anxiety
-rapid breathing
hallucination - correct answer ✔✔-unreal experience in which there is no
awareness of the lack of reality
, delirium - correct answer ✔✔-state of violent mental agitation, marked by
uncontrolled excitement or emotion, a condition of severe confusion (severe
fever)
Dissociation - correct answer ✔✔-diminished signals that convey one's physical
sense (body is separated from mind)
psychedelic - correct answer ✔✔-causes unreal experience in which user is aware
of lack of reality
hallucinogen - correct answer ✔✔-causes hallucinations--unreal experience in
which there is no awareness of lack of reality
Psychotomimetic drugs - correct answer ✔✔-deleriants
-mimics perception: delusions
-atropene
-binds to mAChR's -ligand=ACh (GPCR)
phantasticum - correct answer ✔✔-alteration in sensory perception
Ergot Poisoning (Ergotism) - correct answer ✔✔-convulsive seizures, twisting and
painful contortions, blasphemous screaming, trance-like states
-gangrene
-Salem Witch Trials
-due to cultivating rye contamination
A+ graded 2025 updated
T/F: Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world - correct
answer ✔✔TRUE
What chemical family is caffeine categorized as? - correct answer ✔✔xanthine’s
T/F: caffeine is an agonist of Adenosine A2A receptor - correct answer ✔✔FALSE;
antagonist
Pharmacokinetics of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-Fast absorption in GI tract
-enters brain quickly (max. conc. 30-60min)
-liver metabolism (CYP1A2)
-metabolites have weak effects
-urine excretion
metabolites of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-theophylline (tea- bronchodilator)
-paraxanthine (major metabolite)
-theobromine (chocolate)
half-life of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔ranges from 2.5-10 hours (average= 5
hours)
,half-life of caffeine is influenced by: - correct answer ✔✔-dose
-pregnancy
-genetics
-age
-smoking
T/F: smoking increases the metabolism of caffeine? - correct answer ✔✔TRUE;
more caffeine needed; nicotine is an agonist at adenosine receptor and prevents
caffeine from binding
pharmacodynamics of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-binds to adenosine receptors
(1 & 3 inhibit cAMP)(2A and 2B stimulate via Goff)
-receptors 1 and 2 are reward
-stimulates locomotion
-stimulates DA release in nucleus accumbens
Peripheral effects of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-effect on bronchia (releases
constriction)
-increases heart rate, dilates coronary arteries
-contracts blood vessels, releasing pressure and headaches
-increases gastric acidproduction
-increases urinary output (diuretic)
,positive health effects of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-headache relief
-decreased risk of some cancers
-reduced risk of liver disease
-reduced risk of mood disorders like depression
-potentially reduced risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
-no causal link though
tolerance of caffeine - correct answer ✔✔-withdrawal
-headaches
-drowsiness
-fatigue
-negative mood
caffeineism - correct answer ✔✔-12 cups/day
-agitation
-insomnia
-tremors
-anxiety
-rapid breathing
hallucination - correct answer ✔✔-unreal experience in which there is no
awareness of the lack of reality
, delirium - correct answer ✔✔-state of violent mental agitation, marked by
uncontrolled excitement or emotion, a condition of severe confusion (severe
fever)
Dissociation - correct answer ✔✔-diminished signals that convey one's physical
sense (body is separated from mind)
psychedelic - correct answer ✔✔-causes unreal experience in which user is aware
of lack of reality
hallucinogen - correct answer ✔✔-causes hallucinations--unreal experience in
which there is no awareness of lack of reality
Psychotomimetic drugs - correct answer ✔✔-deleriants
-mimics perception: delusions
-atropene
-binds to mAChR's -ligand=ACh (GPCR)
phantasticum - correct answer ✔✔-alteration in sensory perception
Ergot Poisoning (Ergotism) - correct answer ✔✔-convulsive seizures, twisting and
painful contortions, blasphemous screaming, trance-like states
-gangrene
-Salem Witch Trials
-due to cultivating rye contamination
