Biochem 451 Exam 2 questions with
correct answers graded A+
What is the name for simple lipids? - correct answer ✔✔triacyl glycerides
Simple lipids self-associate to form what? - correct answer ✔✔fat globules
What do phospholipids and glycolipids self-associate to form? - correct answer
✔✔membranes (lipid bilayers)
What can lipids also serve as (ex: cholesterol, fatty acids)? - correct answer
✔✔signaling molecules
What is cholesterol a precursor to? - correct answer ✔✔steroid hormones
What are fatty acids a precursor to? - correct answer ✔✔prostaglandins
What are biollogical membranes composed of? - correct answer
✔✔phospholipids and glycolipids
In lipid bilayers, which end is hydrophilic and which is hydrophobic? - correct
answer ✔✔hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
,What spontaneously forms in aqueous solutions? - correct answer ✔✔biological
membranes (lipid bilayers)
Are lipid bilayers symmetric or asymmetric? - correct answer ✔✔asymmetric
(composition of faces differ)
What do lipid bilayers contain that affects fluidity? - correct answer
✔✔cholesterol
What does cholesterol affect in lipid bilayers? - correct answer ✔✔membrane
fluidity
What is the historic system for naming unsaturated fatty acids? - correct answer
✔✔omega (w)
Where does the omega system label carbon number 1? - correct answer
✔✔hydrocarbon tail (methyl group)
What is the problem with the omega naming system? - correct answer ✔✔doesn't
tell the number of double bonds
What is the unsaturated fatty acid naming system we use now? - correct answer
✔✔IUPAC (delta)
Where is the delta carbon number 1 labeled? - correct answer ✔✔the carboxyl
group
,Using the IUPAC system, how would you label stearate that has 18 carbons and no
double bonds? - correct answer ✔✔18:0
Using the IUPAC system, how would you label oleate that has 18 carbons and 1 cis
double bond on carbon 9? - correct answer ✔✔18: 1 cis-delta 9
What happens when you add a cis double bond? - correct answer ✔✔kink forms
What is the structure of fatty acids? - correct answer ✔✔glycerol backbone, ester
bonds connected fatty acids
What are the 3 common types of membrane lipids? - correct answer
✔✔phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol
What is the most abundant type of membrane lipid? - correct answer
✔✔phospholipid
What are the 2 types of phospholipids? - correct answer ✔✔phosphoglycerides
and sphingomyelins
Which type of phospholipid is composed of glycerol platform esterified to two
fatty acids and a phosphate or a phosphate and an alcohol? - correct answer
✔✔phosphoglycerides
, What is the simplest phosphoglyceride? - correct answer ✔✔phosphatidate (no
alcohol)
What is phosphatidate used for? - correct answer ✔✔intermediate in biosynthesis
of other phosphoglycerides
What are the 4 common alcohols that are esterified to phosphatidate to form the
major phosphoglycerides? - correct answer ✔✔choline, ethanolamine, inositol,
serine
What are the major membrane phosphoglycerides? - correct answer
✔✔phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine,
phosphatidyl inositol, diphosphatidyl glycerol (cadiolipin)
What type of phosphoglyceride uses the long hydrophobic amino alcohol
sphingosine rather than glycerol as the platform? - correct answer
✔✔sphingomyelin
What is sphingomyelin used for? - correct answer ✔✔intermediate in synthesis of
major membrane lipids
How do you make a sphingomyelin? - correct answer ✔✔add N-linked fatty acid
and ester-linked phosphocholine
What type of membrane lipid is like sphingomyelin in that they have sphingosine
platform and N-linked fatty acid, but hydroxyl group is ether-linked to one or more
sugars instead of phosphocholine? - correct answer ✔✔glycolipids
correct answers graded A+
What is the name for simple lipids? - correct answer ✔✔triacyl glycerides
Simple lipids self-associate to form what? - correct answer ✔✔fat globules
What do phospholipids and glycolipids self-associate to form? - correct answer
✔✔membranes (lipid bilayers)
What can lipids also serve as (ex: cholesterol, fatty acids)? - correct answer
✔✔signaling molecules
What is cholesterol a precursor to? - correct answer ✔✔steroid hormones
What are fatty acids a precursor to? - correct answer ✔✔prostaglandins
What are biollogical membranes composed of? - correct answer
✔✔phospholipids and glycolipids
In lipid bilayers, which end is hydrophilic and which is hydrophobic? - correct
answer ✔✔hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
,What spontaneously forms in aqueous solutions? - correct answer ✔✔biological
membranes (lipid bilayers)
Are lipid bilayers symmetric or asymmetric? - correct answer ✔✔asymmetric
(composition of faces differ)
What do lipid bilayers contain that affects fluidity? - correct answer
✔✔cholesterol
What does cholesterol affect in lipid bilayers? - correct answer ✔✔membrane
fluidity
What is the historic system for naming unsaturated fatty acids? - correct answer
✔✔omega (w)
Where does the omega system label carbon number 1? - correct answer
✔✔hydrocarbon tail (methyl group)
What is the problem with the omega naming system? - correct answer ✔✔doesn't
tell the number of double bonds
What is the unsaturated fatty acid naming system we use now? - correct answer
✔✔IUPAC (delta)
Where is the delta carbon number 1 labeled? - correct answer ✔✔the carboxyl
group
,Using the IUPAC system, how would you label stearate that has 18 carbons and no
double bonds? - correct answer ✔✔18:0
Using the IUPAC system, how would you label oleate that has 18 carbons and 1 cis
double bond on carbon 9? - correct answer ✔✔18: 1 cis-delta 9
What happens when you add a cis double bond? - correct answer ✔✔kink forms
What is the structure of fatty acids? - correct answer ✔✔glycerol backbone, ester
bonds connected fatty acids
What are the 3 common types of membrane lipids? - correct answer
✔✔phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol
What is the most abundant type of membrane lipid? - correct answer
✔✔phospholipid
What are the 2 types of phospholipids? - correct answer ✔✔phosphoglycerides
and sphingomyelins
Which type of phospholipid is composed of glycerol platform esterified to two
fatty acids and a phosphate or a phosphate and an alcohol? - correct answer
✔✔phosphoglycerides
, What is the simplest phosphoglyceride? - correct answer ✔✔phosphatidate (no
alcohol)
What is phosphatidate used for? - correct answer ✔✔intermediate in biosynthesis
of other phosphoglycerides
What are the 4 common alcohols that are esterified to phosphatidate to form the
major phosphoglycerides? - correct answer ✔✔choline, ethanolamine, inositol,
serine
What are the major membrane phosphoglycerides? - correct answer
✔✔phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine,
phosphatidyl inositol, diphosphatidyl glycerol (cadiolipin)
What type of phosphoglyceride uses the long hydrophobic amino alcohol
sphingosine rather than glycerol as the platform? - correct answer
✔✔sphingomyelin
What is sphingomyelin used for? - correct answer ✔✔intermediate in synthesis of
major membrane lipids
How do you make a sphingomyelin? - correct answer ✔✔add N-linked fatty acid
and ester-linked phosphocholine
What type of membrane lipid is like sphingomyelin in that they have sphingosine
platform and N-linked fatty acid, but hydroxyl group is ether-linked to one or more
sugars instead of phosphocholine? - correct answer ✔✔glycolipids
