NR507 WEEK 7 QUIZ STUDY GUIDE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Manifestations of GERD - Answer-heartburn, regurgitation, and abdominal pain within
one hours of eating
Characteristics of gastric ulcers - Answer--usually occur between 50-70 years of age
-less common than duodenal ulcers
-increased risk of cancer!!
-develop in antral region of the stomach (near the acid-secreting mucosa of the stomach
body)
-primary defect in gastric ulcers is an abnormality that increases the mucosal barrier's
permeability to hydrogen ions. This is a vicious cycle. The damaged mucosa liberates
histamine which stimulates the increase of acid and pepsinogen production, blood flow,
and capillary permeability. The disrupted mucosa becomes edematous and loses
plasma proteins. And the destruction of the small vessels causes bleeding
Risk factors of gastric ulcers - Answer-H. Pylori infection
duodenal reflux into stomach (acids, bile, and pancreatic fluids)
NSAIDs
Gastric secretion in gastric ulcers - Answer-Gastric secretion may be normal or less
than normal, and there may be a decreased mass of parietal cells
Clinical manifestations of gastric ulcers - Answer-Pain (located in the upper abdomen)
The pain occurs after eating (w/in the first hour after eating). Eating helps at first. The
food helps until the food moves into the duodenum. Pain happens when the stomach is
empty!! There is increased acid in stomach when empty and it causes the pain
Causes of elevated liver function tests - Answer-TYLENOL
portal hypertension
hepatic encephalopathy
ascites
jaundice
hepatitis
acute liver failure
cirrhosis
Many liver diseases cause increase in liver function tests (ALT and AST) because of the
release of cytoplasmic enzymes into the circulation when there is damage to the
hepatocyte.
-obstruction of bile canaliculi or ducts results in regurgitation of bile back into the hepatic
sinusoids and into the circulation (increased bill levels)
, Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa - Answer-what they are and complications from
study guide
Interpretation of hepatitis B vaccine serological markers (HbsAb) - Answer-anti-HBs or
HBsAb (Hepatitis B surface antibody) - A "positive" or "reactive" anti-HBs (or HBsAb)
test result indicates that a person is protected against the hepatitis B virus. This
protection can be the result of receiving the hepatitis B vaccine or successfully
recovering from a past hepatitis B infection. This test is not routinely included in blood
bank screenings. A positive anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result means you are "immune"
and protected against the hepatitis B virus and cannot be infected. You are not infected
and cannot spread hepatitis B to others.
Types of fractures (a break in the continuity of a bone) - Answer-Many types
Complete - Answer-break all the way through the bone
incomplete - Answer-not all the way through the bone
closed - Answer-bone did not go through skin
open - Answer-bone went through skin
comminuted - Answer-two or more fragments (multiple breaks)
linear - Answer-parallel to long axis of bone
oblique - Answer-angle to bone shaft
spiral - Answer-curves around and encircles the bone. Bone is being twisted. happens
in ATHLETES
transverse - Answer-horizontal break
greenstick - Answer-perforates and splinters. bending bone and splinters outside of
bone and not the inside. COMMON IN CHILDREN
pathologic - Answer-point where bone is weakened by disease- OSTEOPOROSIS
stress - Answer-mini fracture.
Fatigue stress fracture- micro fracture due to repeated strain (obese person or running
is example in normal person)
insufficiency stress fracture- rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, etc.
occult - Answer-a fracture we don't know about (hidden fracture) ABUSE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Manifestations of GERD - Answer-heartburn, regurgitation, and abdominal pain within
one hours of eating
Characteristics of gastric ulcers - Answer--usually occur between 50-70 years of age
-less common than duodenal ulcers
-increased risk of cancer!!
-develop in antral region of the stomach (near the acid-secreting mucosa of the stomach
body)
-primary defect in gastric ulcers is an abnormality that increases the mucosal barrier's
permeability to hydrogen ions. This is a vicious cycle. The damaged mucosa liberates
histamine which stimulates the increase of acid and pepsinogen production, blood flow,
and capillary permeability. The disrupted mucosa becomes edematous and loses
plasma proteins. And the destruction of the small vessels causes bleeding
Risk factors of gastric ulcers - Answer-H. Pylori infection
duodenal reflux into stomach (acids, bile, and pancreatic fluids)
NSAIDs
Gastric secretion in gastric ulcers - Answer-Gastric secretion may be normal or less
than normal, and there may be a decreased mass of parietal cells
Clinical manifestations of gastric ulcers - Answer-Pain (located in the upper abdomen)
The pain occurs after eating (w/in the first hour after eating). Eating helps at first. The
food helps until the food moves into the duodenum. Pain happens when the stomach is
empty!! There is increased acid in stomach when empty and it causes the pain
Causes of elevated liver function tests - Answer-TYLENOL
portal hypertension
hepatic encephalopathy
ascites
jaundice
hepatitis
acute liver failure
cirrhosis
Many liver diseases cause increase in liver function tests (ALT and AST) because of the
release of cytoplasmic enzymes into the circulation when there is damage to the
hepatocyte.
-obstruction of bile canaliculi or ducts results in regurgitation of bile back into the hepatic
sinusoids and into the circulation (increased bill levels)
, Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa - Answer-what they are and complications from
study guide
Interpretation of hepatitis B vaccine serological markers (HbsAb) - Answer-anti-HBs or
HBsAb (Hepatitis B surface antibody) - A "positive" or "reactive" anti-HBs (or HBsAb)
test result indicates that a person is protected against the hepatitis B virus. This
protection can be the result of receiving the hepatitis B vaccine or successfully
recovering from a past hepatitis B infection. This test is not routinely included in blood
bank screenings. A positive anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result means you are "immune"
and protected against the hepatitis B virus and cannot be infected. You are not infected
and cannot spread hepatitis B to others.
Types of fractures (a break in the continuity of a bone) - Answer-Many types
Complete - Answer-break all the way through the bone
incomplete - Answer-not all the way through the bone
closed - Answer-bone did not go through skin
open - Answer-bone went through skin
comminuted - Answer-two or more fragments (multiple breaks)
linear - Answer-parallel to long axis of bone
oblique - Answer-angle to bone shaft
spiral - Answer-curves around and encircles the bone. Bone is being twisted. happens
in ATHLETES
transverse - Answer-horizontal break
greenstick - Answer-perforates and splinters. bending bone and splinters outside of
bone and not the inside. COMMON IN CHILDREN
pathologic - Answer-point where bone is weakened by disease- OSTEOPOROSIS
stress - Answer-mini fracture.
Fatigue stress fracture- micro fracture due to repeated strain (obese person or running
is example in normal person)
insufficiency stress fracture- rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, etc.
occult - Answer-a fracture we don't know about (hidden fracture) ABUSE
