NR507 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
renal failure with sudden obstruction in urine flow, begins a s a pre renal issue, caused
by obstruction, occurs unilaterally, - Answer-post renal failure
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present: - Answer--
Metabolic acidosis.
- Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-waves)
- Drug toxicity
- Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
- Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
the progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as htn ,
diabetes - Answer-CKD /Chronic Kidney Disease
GFR <15 indicates what stage CKD - Answer-stage 5
GFR 15-29 indicates what stage CKD - Answer-stage 4
GFR 30-59 indicates what stage CKD - Answer-stage 3
GFR 60-89 indicates what stage of chronic kidney disease - Answer-stage 2
GFR 90-120 indicates what stage of CKD - Answer-stage 1
Warning signs of GERD - Answer->50 yrs old, odynophagia, N&V, weight loss, melena,
early satiety
Associated with GERD diagnosis, often asymptomatic - Answer-hiatal hernia
conservative treatment, suggestion is to eat small frequent meals and stay upright after
eating - Answer-sliding hiatial hernia
Characterized by chronic intermittent epigastric pain, decreases after meals. Pain can
occur in the middle of the night and disappears by the morning , no risk of cancer,
Caused by NSAID use - Answer-Duodenal ulcer
Characterized by increased pain after meals. Increased risk of cancer - Answer-Gastric
ulcer
depression theory that states the cause of depression is decreased levels of serotonin,
norepinephrine and dopamine ( monamines) - Answer-monoamine deficiency theory
, breaks in the integrity of the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, least
likely to occur in the large intestine - Answer-Peptic Ulcer disease
social anxiety disorder - Answer-an anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational
fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations
consistent finding , enlargement of lateral and third ventricles and the widening of the
frontocortical fissures and sulci are characteristics of .... - Answer-Schizophrenia
the most common thyroid disorder - Answer-hypothyroidism
Released by the anterior pituitaty - Answer-TSH
Stage of schizophrenia that presents as withdrawn, seclusion, mimics depression -
Answer-prodromal phase
Stage of Schizophrenia that presents as more severe symptoms of delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech - Answer-active phase
High TSH, low T4/TH, fatigue, diminished deep tendon reflexes= - Answer-primary
hypothyroidism
cause of secondary hypothyroidism - Answer-pituitary malfunction, hypothalamic
malfunction
Hypothyroidism symptoms - Answer-low metabolism, cold intolerance, weight gain,
fatigue, weak pulse, decreased alertness
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) - Answer-promotes the release of thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) in the hypothalamus
hypothalamic-pituitary axis - Answer-hypothalamus and pituitary action to regulate the
levels of certain endocrine hormones through a negative feedback system
hypothalamus--> TRH--> Pituitary--> TSH--> Thyroid--> TH (T3&T4)
two categories of ophthalmopathy in graves disease - Answer-functional: lag, upward
gaze
infiltrative: enlargement of ocular muscles
two most distinguishing factors of graves disease - Answer-pretibial myxedema
exophthalmos
hyperthyroidism/ grave's disease - Answer-abnormally high secretion of thyroid
hormones
High TH and Low TSH, enlarged liver, hand tremors - Answer-hyperthyroidism
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
renal failure with sudden obstruction in urine flow, begins a s a pre renal issue, caused
by obstruction, occurs unilaterally, - Answer-post renal failure
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present: - Answer--
Metabolic acidosis.
- Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-waves)
- Drug toxicity
- Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
- Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
the progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as htn ,
diabetes - Answer-CKD /Chronic Kidney Disease
GFR <15 indicates what stage CKD - Answer-stage 5
GFR 15-29 indicates what stage CKD - Answer-stage 4
GFR 30-59 indicates what stage CKD - Answer-stage 3
GFR 60-89 indicates what stage of chronic kidney disease - Answer-stage 2
GFR 90-120 indicates what stage of CKD - Answer-stage 1
Warning signs of GERD - Answer->50 yrs old, odynophagia, N&V, weight loss, melena,
early satiety
Associated with GERD diagnosis, often asymptomatic - Answer-hiatal hernia
conservative treatment, suggestion is to eat small frequent meals and stay upright after
eating - Answer-sliding hiatial hernia
Characterized by chronic intermittent epigastric pain, decreases after meals. Pain can
occur in the middle of the night and disappears by the morning , no risk of cancer,
Caused by NSAID use - Answer-Duodenal ulcer
Characterized by increased pain after meals. Increased risk of cancer - Answer-Gastric
ulcer
depression theory that states the cause of depression is decreased levels of serotonin,
norepinephrine and dopamine ( monamines) - Answer-monoamine deficiency theory
, breaks in the integrity of the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, least
likely to occur in the large intestine - Answer-Peptic Ulcer disease
social anxiety disorder - Answer-an anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational
fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations
consistent finding , enlargement of lateral and third ventricles and the widening of the
frontocortical fissures and sulci are characteristics of .... - Answer-Schizophrenia
the most common thyroid disorder - Answer-hypothyroidism
Released by the anterior pituitaty - Answer-TSH
Stage of schizophrenia that presents as withdrawn, seclusion, mimics depression -
Answer-prodromal phase
Stage of Schizophrenia that presents as more severe symptoms of delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech - Answer-active phase
High TSH, low T4/TH, fatigue, diminished deep tendon reflexes= - Answer-primary
hypothyroidism
cause of secondary hypothyroidism - Answer-pituitary malfunction, hypothalamic
malfunction
Hypothyroidism symptoms - Answer-low metabolism, cold intolerance, weight gain,
fatigue, weak pulse, decreased alertness
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) - Answer-promotes the release of thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) in the hypothalamus
hypothalamic-pituitary axis - Answer-hypothalamus and pituitary action to regulate the
levels of certain endocrine hormones through a negative feedback system
hypothalamus--> TRH--> Pituitary--> TSH--> Thyroid--> TH (T3&T4)
two categories of ophthalmopathy in graves disease - Answer-functional: lag, upward
gaze
infiltrative: enlargement of ocular muscles
two most distinguishing factors of graves disease - Answer-pretibial myxedema
exophthalmos
hyperthyroidism/ grave's disease - Answer-abnormally high secretion of thyroid
hormones
High TH and Low TSH, enlarged liver, hand tremors - Answer-hyperthyroidism
