NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
WEEK TWO DISTRIBUTION OF BODY
FLUIDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Atrial natriuretic peptide - Answer-Increased volume in the cardiac atria ; Increases
renal sodium and water excretion
Calcitonin - Answer-High plasma calcium; Inhibits osteoclasts in bone
Antidiuretic hormone - Answer-Increased plasma osmolality, substantially decreased
arterial blood pressure
What is the difference between interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid? - Answer-
Interstitial fluid is a component of extracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid consists of the
fluid inside the blood vessels (intravascular fluid) and the fluid between the cells
(interstitial fluid) , as well as minor components such as lymph and various secretions
( transcellular fluids)
What is the difference between a volatile acid and a non-volatile acid? - Answer-A
volatile acid (carbonic acid) is excreted by the lungs, but a nonvolatile acid (metabolic
acid) is excreted by the kidneys
What is the difference between acidemia in acidosis? - Answer-Acidemia is the state in
which the pH of arterial blood is less than 7.35, but acidosis is the condition of having
too much acid or too little base, regardless of pH
With regard to an acid - base in balance, what is the difference between correction and
compensation? - Answer-Correction of an acid - base in balance returns the
bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio to normal (20:1) what are the actual bicarbonate
and carbonic acid concentrations are abnormal
One third of body water is in the ___________ fluid, and two thirds is in the.
_______________ fluid - Answer-Extracellular, intracellular
A standard 68-kg man has _________ liters of total body water - Answer-40.8
Excessive fluid within the interstitial space is called ____________ - Answer-Edema
An ____________ fluid has the same concentration of solute as the plasma - Answer-
Isotonic
, A person who has a lung disease may develop a primary ____________ acid-base
imbalance, but a person who has a kidney disease may develop a primary
_______________ acid-base imbalance - Answer-respiratory; metabolic
When the blood pH is 7.40, the bicarbonate-to-carbonic acid ratio is ____________ -
Answer-20:1
A buffer pair is a weak __________ and it's __________ - Answer-acid; conjugate base
Calculating the anion gap may help to differentiate between different causes of
metabolic ___________ - Answer-acidosis
Overuse of phosphate-containing over-the-counter enemas can cause
_________________, which in turn will ___________ the plasma calcium concentration
- Answer-hyperphosphatemia; decrease
Mrs. Singh takes glucocorticoids for a chronic disease - Answer-Isotonic fluid excess
and hypokalemia
Mr. Wiggins has been sobbing and breathing deeply and rapidly for an hour since his
wife died - Answer-Respiratory alkalosis; Parasthesias of fingers, lightheadedness,
confusion
Mr. Jenkins is comatose from a heroin overdose - Answer-Respiratory acidosis; Slow,
shallow respirations; blood pH less than 7.35; blood Paco2 increased
Baby Thompson has repeated vomiting from pyloric stenosis - Answer-Isotonic fluid
deficit, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis; Tachycardia;rapid weight loss; decreased
urine output; skeletal muscle weakness;slow; shallow respirations, lethargy
Mrs. Smythe has hyperparathyroidism - Answer-Hypercalcemia; Fatigue, weakness,
anorexia, constipation, lethargy
In which direction does insulin move potassium ions? - Answer-From ECF into the cell
In which direction does epinephrine move potassium ions? - Answer-From ECF into the
cell
In which direction does alkalosis move potassium ions? - Answer-From ECF into the
cell
In which direction does hypernatremia move water? - Answer-From the cell to ECF
Mr. Sheehan has bilateral ankle edema from congestive heart failure. "Are my ankles
inflamed?" He asks "I know that inflammation causes swelling." - Answer-Inflammation
does cause swelling, but that is not the reason your ankles are swollen. They are not
WEEK TWO DISTRIBUTION OF BODY
FLUIDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Atrial natriuretic peptide - Answer-Increased volume in the cardiac atria ; Increases
renal sodium and water excretion
Calcitonin - Answer-High plasma calcium; Inhibits osteoclasts in bone
Antidiuretic hormone - Answer-Increased plasma osmolality, substantially decreased
arterial blood pressure
What is the difference between interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid? - Answer-
Interstitial fluid is a component of extracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid consists of the
fluid inside the blood vessels (intravascular fluid) and the fluid between the cells
(interstitial fluid) , as well as minor components such as lymph and various secretions
( transcellular fluids)
What is the difference between a volatile acid and a non-volatile acid? - Answer-A
volatile acid (carbonic acid) is excreted by the lungs, but a nonvolatile acid (metabolic
acid) is excreted by the kidneys
What is the difference between acidemia in acidosis? - Answer-Acidemia is the state in
which the pH of arterial blood is less than 7.35, but acidosis is the condition of having
too much acid or too little base, regardless of pH
With regard to an acid - base in balance, what is the difference between correction and
compensation? - Answer-Correction of an acid - base in balance returns the
bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio to normal (20:1) what are the actual bicarbonate
and carbonic acid concentrations are abnormal
One third of body water is in the ___________ fluid, and two thirds is in the.
_______________ fluid - Answer-Extracellular, intracellular
A standard 68-kg man has _________ liters of total body water - Answer-40.8
Excessive fluid within the interstitial space is called ____________ - Answer-Edema
An ____________ fluid has the same concentration of solute as the plasma - Answer-
Isotonic
, A person who has a lung disease may develop a primary ____________ acid-base
imbalance, but a person who has a kidney disease may develop a primary
_______________ acid-base imbalance - Answer-respiratory; metabolic
When the blood pH is 7.40, the bicarbonate-to-carbonic acid ratio is ____________ -
Answer-20:1
A buffer pair is a weak __________ and it's __________ - Answer-acid; conjugate base
Calculating the anion gap may help to differentiate between different causes of
metabolic ___________ - Answer-acidosis
Overuse of phosphate-containing over-the-counter enemas can cause
_________________, which in turn will ___________ the plasma calcium concentration
- Answer-hyperphosphatemia; decrease
Mrs. Singh takes glucocorticoids for a chronic disease - Answer-Isotonic fluid excess
and hypokalemia
Mr. Wiggins has been sobbing and breathing deeply and rapidly for an hour since his
wife died - Answer-Respiratory alkalosis; Parasthesias of fingers, lightheadedness,
confusion
Mr. Jenkins is comatose from a heroin overdose - Answer-Respiratory acidosis; Slow,
shallow respirations; blood pH less than 7.35; blood Paco2 increased
Baby Thompson has repeated vomiting from pyloric stenosis - Answer-Isotonic fluid
deficit, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis; Tachycardia;rapid weight loss; decreased
urine output; skeletal muscle weakness;slow; shallow respirations, lethargy
Mrs. Smythe has hyperparathyroidism - Answer-Hypercalcemia; Fatigue, weakness,
anorexia, constipation, lethargy
In which direction does insulin move potassium ions? - Answer-From ECF into the cell
In which direction does epinephrine move potassium ions? - Answer-From ECF into the
cell
In which direction does alkalosis move potassium ions? - Answer-From ECF into the
cell
In which direction does hypernatremia move water? - Answer-From the cell to ECF
Mr. Sheehan has bilateral ankle edema from congestive heart failure. "Are my ankles
inflamed?" He asks "I know that inflammation causes swelling." - Answer-Inflammation
does cause swelling, but that is not the reason your ankles are swollen. They are not
