NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW WEEK
1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Iron deficiency - Answer-*microcytic
*hypochromic
-caused by hemoglobin synthesis
*ferritin imp measurement (reflects iron stores)
Ferritin - Answer--reflects body's total iron stores
*decreased ferritin reflects anemia but NOT which type
Increased RBC distribution width (RDW) - Answer--earliest lab markers in micro and
macrocytic anemia
Folate Deficiency - Answer-*Macrocytic
-normochromic
-can cause megaloblastic anemia
*Alcoholics most at risk
Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Answer-*macrocytic
-s/s: fatigue, dyspnea ***peripheral neuropathy BLE**
Risk Factors: older adults, H. Pylori
Hemolytic Anemia - Answer-*Normocytic
**who's at risk: african & mediterranean
-RBC destroyed, type 2 reaction
Sickle Cell Anemia - Answer-*inherited from both parents
*single cell amino acid change
-sickled RBC
Thalassemia - Answer-*inherited
**single or multiple cell amino acid change
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - Answer-*Trauma
*normocytic
Aplastic Anemia - Answer-*Normocytic
*Normochromic
Labs: Decreased (erythro, leuko, platelets, granulocyte)
Stroke Volume - Answer-amount ejected out of heart in one contraction
Cardiac Output - Answer-SV x HR
, the volume pumped out of heart
Preload - Answer-volume coming into Left ventricle
Deoxygenated blood comes in _______ side? - Answer-Right side
Afterload - Answer-the amount of resistance (pressure)
*Hypertension has the most immediate effect on afterload
Heart Failure - Answer-Decreased CO that does not meet O2 demand
*Major risk factor is long standing hypertension
ACC/AHH Heart Failure Stages - Answer-A- risk factors
B-structural changes
C-Symptoms and structural changes (NYHA staging I-IV)
D- End stage heart failure
Pulmonary HTN - Answer-Leads to Right sided HF
Systemic HTN - Answer-leads to Left sided HF
Aortic Stenosis Symptoms - Answer-Left Side
*lateral displaced apical pulse
*midsystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur, loudest at base, radiates to neck
*s4 gallop
-fainting and chest pressure
Aortic Stenosis - Answer-narrowing of the aorta
Aortic Regurgitation - Answer-incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of
blood into left ventricle during diastole
Aortic Regurgitation Symptoms - Answer-*High pitch diastolic murmur, loudes at L lower
sternal border
*diastolic rumbling
*systolic, crescendo-decrescendo L upper sternal border
-SOB
-x-ray may show pulmonary edema & cardiomegaly
Mitral Stenosis - Answer-narrowing of the mitral valve, decreases blood flow
*hx of rheumatoid heart disease
Mitral Stenosis Symptoms - Answer-*low pitch murmur at apex
-JVD, SOB, bilateral crackles in bases, racing heart
-ECG (AFib, LV Hypertrophy)
1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Iron deficiency - Answer-*microcytic
*hypochromic
-caused by hemoglobin synthesis
*ferritin imp measurement (reflects iron stores)
Ferritin - Answer--reflects body's total iron stores
*decreased ferritin reflects anemia but NOT which type
Increased RBC distribution width (RDW) - Answer--earliest lab markers in micro and
macrocytic anemia
Folate Deficiency - Answer-*Macrocytic
-normochromic
-can cause megaloblastic anemia
*Alcoholics most at risk
Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Answer-*macrocytic
-s/s: fatigue, dyspnea ***peripheral neuropathy BLE**
Risk Factors: older adults, H. Pylori
Hemolytic Anemia - Answer-*Normocytic
**who's at risk: african & mediterranean
-RBC destroyed, type 2 reaction
Sickle Cell Anemia - Answer-*inherited from both parents
*single cell amino acid change
-sickled RBC
Thalassemia - Answer-*inherited
**single or multiple cell amino acid change
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - Answer-*Trauma
*normocytic
Aplastic Anemia - Answer-*Normocytic
*Normochromic
Labs: Decreased (erythro, leuko, platelets, granulocyte)
Stroke Volume - Answer-amount ejected out of heart in one contraction
Cardiac Output - Answer-SV x HR
, the volume pumped out of heart
Preload - Answer-volume coming into Left ventricle
Deoxygenated blood comes in _______ side? - Answer-Right side
Afterload - Answer-the amount of resistance (pressure)
*Hypertension has the most immediate effect on afterload
Heart Failure - Answer-Decreased CO that does not meet O2 demand
*Major risk factor is long standing hypertension
ACC/AHH Heart Failure Stages - Answer-A- risk factors
B-structural changes
C-Symptoms and structural changes (NYHA staging I-IV)
D- End stage heart failure
Pulmonary HTN - Answer-Leads to Right sided HF
Systemic HTN - Answer-leads to Left sided HF
Aortic Stenosis Symptoms - Answer-Left Side
*lateral displaced apical pulse
*midsystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur, loudest at base, radiates to neck
*s4 gallop
-fainting and chest pressure
Aortic Stenosis - Answer-narrowing of the aorta
Aortic Regurgitation - Answer-incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of
blood into left ventricle during diastole
Aortic Regurgitation Symptoms - Answer-*High pitch diastolic murmur, loudes at L lower
sternal border
*diastolic rumbling
*systolic, crescendo-decrescendo L upper sternal border
-SOB
-x-ray may show pulmonary edema & cardiomegaly
Mitral Stenosis - Answer-narrowing of the mitral valve, decreases blood flow
*hx of rheumatoid heart disease
Mitral Stenosis Symptoms - Answer-*low pitch murmur at apex
-JVD, SOB, bilateral crackles in bases, racing heart
-ECG (AFib, LV Hypertrophy)
