Comparative CJ Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+
Incapacitation - Answers Number of crimes that would have been committed/prevention through
controlling offender.. (the policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of
their repeating their offense in society)
Deterrence - Answers An effort by one party to persuade an opponent NOT to take an action by
convincing the opponent that the costs of the action exceed the benefits. (unable to perform a certain
action, Use of punishment as threat to deter people from offending.) Punish the defendant to the point
that they will not want to repeat the behavior, because they wouldn't want to repeat the punishment.
Specific deterrence - Answers Punish offender to make sure they won't commit again.
General deterrence - Answers Deter larger group of people. Punish one person as an example to scare
entire population.
Rehabilitation - Answers The process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of
physical, psychological, social or economic function. (the restoration of someone to a useful place in
society). Changing the defendants behavior through education and medical or psychological treatment.
Rehabilitation was introduced in the 18th Century by the Quakers
Retribution - Answers punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. (the
act of correcting for your wrongdoing) "An eye for an eye"
Non-custodial sanctions in France: - Answers Fines, suspended sentences, community service, and
probation
Non-custodial sanctions in Germany: - Answers Community service, fines, day fines, offender-victim
mediation, and educational programs for juveniles
Types of Noncustodial Sanctions - Answers Probation, public surveillance, fines, suspended sentences,
community service.
Administrative detention in China: - Answers Jails, Reeducation through labor camps, reform through
labor camps, prisons, detention centers, drug detoxification centers, schools of discipline for young
people.
Types of community supervision: - Answers Probation, exile house arrest, warnings, electronic
monitoring
Death penalty trends: - Answers o Prior to 1960, a majority of people supported the death penalty
o In 1965 support of the death penalty dropped to 40%
o In 1994 support was back up to 80%
o In October 2008 support was back down to 64%
, o If you compare the statistic of death or life without parole, public support drops to 48%
What country that executes the most people? - Answers #1 Iran, 2 Iraq, 3 Saudi, 4 US, 5 Yemen
Penal populism: - Answers When politicians introduce legislation based on citizen desire rather than
effectiveness
Reasons to abolish the death penalty: - Answers International pressure, does not prove to be an
effective deterrence, the technology of DNA has now proven that innocent people are being convicted
of serious crimes. It has also been found that eye witness testimony is not as reliable as previously
thought.
Get tough on crime strategies: - Answers A number of sentencing strategies and larger criminal justice
policies have developed internationally as a result of penal populism and the will of to "get tough" on
crime and criminals
They include: mandatory sentencing laws (eliminate any judicial discretion in sentencing), sentencing
guidelines (provide strict limits on discretion), and transfer of juveniles (who commit serious crimes to
the adult criminal justice system
Countries that detain people without a trial for long periods - Answers France, China
Sanctions in Japan: - Answers Uses fines as a sanction 97% of time. but they have adult prisons,
detention centers, medical prisons, medical branch prisons, and juvenile prisons. prisons are self-
sustaining because of the industries that are run inside)
What are the three sanctions in Japan? - Answers Fines, Probation, Prison
Countries that use torture and corporal punishment as part of a sentence - Answers Saudi Arabia
Miranda V. Arizona - Answers Established fifth amendment right guaranteed in the United States
constitution against self incrimination and constitutional right to an attorney.
Cooper v. Pate - Answers Federal courts ruled that prisoners could sue state officials over prison
conditions, poor treatment, or denial of basic rights.
Crime Control Model - Answers Assumes that crime criminal behavior can be controlled by more
incarceration and other forms of strict supervision in the community
Due Process Model - Answers Ensuring justice by closely guarding defendants constitutional rights under
law during any contact with criminal justice system
The French Revolution - Answers The terrorism citizens posed during the FR had a positive connotation
because it was associated with democracy.
Regime de la Terreur - Answers Term coined by Edmund Burke during the French Revolution
Incapacitation - Answers Number of crimes that would have been committed/prevention through
controlling offender.. (the policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of
their repeating their offense in society)
Deterrence - Answers An effort by one party to persuade an opponent NOT to take an action by
convincing the opponent that the costs of the action exceed the benefits. (unable to perform a certain
action, Use of punishment as threat to deter people from offending.) Punish the defendant to the point
that they will not want to repeat the behavior, because they wouldn't want to repeat the punishment.
Specific deterrence - Answers Punish offender to make sure they won't commit again.
General deterrence - Answers Deter larger group of people. Punish one person as an example to scare
entire population.
Rehabilitation - Answers The process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of
physical, psychological, social or economic function. (the restoration of someone to a useful place in
society). Changing the defendants behavior through education and medical or psychological treatment.
Rehabilitation was introduced in the 18th Century by the Quakers
Retribution - Answers punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. (the
act of correcting for your wrongdoing) "An eye for an eye"
Non-custodial sanctions in France: - Answers Fines, suspended sentences, community service, and
probation
Non-custodial sanctions in Germany: - Answers Community service, fines, day fines, offender-victim
mediation, and educational programs for juveniles
Types of Noncustodial Sanctions - Answers Probation, public surveillance, fines, suspended sentences,
community service.
Administrative detention in China: - Answers Jails, Reeducation through labor camps, reform through
labor camps, prisons, detention centers, drug detoxification centers, schools of discipline for young
people.
Types of community supervision: - Answers Probation, exile house arrest, warnings, electronic
monitoring
Death penalty trends: - Answers o Prior to 1960, a majority of people supported the death penalty
o In 1965 support of the death penalty dropped to 40%
o In 1994 support was back up to 80%
o In October 2008 support was back down to 64%
, o If you compare the statistic of death or life without parole, public support drops to 48%
What country that executes the most people? - Answers #1 Iran, 2 Iraq, 3 Saudi, 4 US, 5 Yemen
Penal populism: - Answers When politicians introduce legislation based on citizen desire rather than
effectiveness
Reasons to abolish the death penalty: - Answers International pressure, does not prove to be an
effective deterrence, the technology of DNA has now proven that innocent people are being convicted
of serious crimes. It has also been found that eye witness testimony is not as reliable as previously
thought.
Get tough on crime strategies: - Answers A number of sentencing strategies and larger criminal justice
policies have developed internationally as a result of penal populism and the will of to "get tough" on
crime and criminals
They include: mandatory sentencing laws (eliminate any judicial discretion in sentencing), sentencing
guidelines (provide strict limits on discretion), and transfer of juveniles (who commit serious crimes to
the adult criminal justice system
Countries that detain people without a trial for long periods - Answers France, China
Sanctions in Japan: - Answers Uses fines as a sanction 97% of time. but they have adult prisons,
detention centers, medical prisons, medical branch prisons, and juvenile prisons. prisons are self-
sustaining because of the industries that are run inside)
What are the three sanctions in Japan? - Answers Fines, Probation, Prison
Countries that use torture and corporal punishment as part of a sentence - Answers Saudi Arabia
Miranda V. Arizona - Answers Established fifth amendment right guaranteed in the United States
constitution against self incrimination and constitutional right to an attorney.
Cooper v. Pate - Answers Federal courts ruled that prisoners could sue state officials over prison
conditions, poor treatment, or denial of basic rights.
Crime Control Model - Answers Assumes that crime criminal behavior can be controlled by more
incarceration and other forms of strict supervision in the community
Due Process Model - Answers Ensuring justice by closely guarding defendants constitutional rights under
law during any contact with criminal justice system
The French Revolution - Answers The terrorism citizens posed during the FR had a positive connotation
because it was associated with democracy.
Regime de la Terreur - Answers Term coined by Edmund Burke during the French Revolution
