GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 Higher
Tier quiz and ans
What is homeostasis? - Ans>>The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or
organism in response to internal and external changes.
Why is homeostasis important? - Ans>>It keeps conditions constant for optimal
enzyme action and cell functions.
What does homeostasis include the control of? - Ans>>- blood glucose
concentration - body temperature - water and ion levels
What may the automatic control systems involve? - Ans>>- electrical responses
using the nervous system - chemical responses using hormones
What do control systems include? - Ans>>- receptors (specialised cells which detect
stimuli - changes in the environment)
- coordination centres (e.g. brain, spinal chord, pancreas which receive and process
information from receptors)
- effectors (muscles or glands that carry out the responses that restore optimum
levels
What is a negative feedback system for blood sugar levels? - Ans>>Control centre
in the brain compares the stimulus to a set point e.g. blood sugar level.
Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases insulin,
glucose removed from the blood and stored as glycogen in the liver.
Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases glucagon,
stored glycogen in the liver broken down into glucose and released into the blood
What is the endocrine system? - Ans>>Made up of glands that secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are specific to receptors that identify the
cells in the organ, the organ then produces an effect
What are the main glands that produce hormones in the human body? - Ans>>-
pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- adrenal gland
- pancreas
- ovary
- testis
, What is adrenaline and what does it do? - Ans>>- produced by adrenal gland in
times of fear/stress
- increases heart rate, boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
- prepares body for 'fight or flight'
What is thyroxine and what does it do? - Ans>>- produced by thyroid gland
- increases metabolic rate
- controls growth and development in young animals
- controlled by negative feedback
What is type 1 diabetes and how can it be treated? - Ans>>- caused by the
pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
- results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
- normally treated by monitoring blood sugar levels and injecting insulin when they
are too high
What is type 2 diabetes and how can it be treated? - Ans>>- caused by the body
cells losing the ability to respond to insulin
- obesity is a risk factor
- often treated with controlled diet and regular exercise
- take drugs to control blood sugar levels
What is the effect of injecting insulin on blood glucose levels in people with type 1
and type 2 diabetes? - Ans>>- in people with type 1 diabetes, the insulin lowers the
blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert it into glycogen
- in people with type 2 diabetes, there is little effect because the cells do not
respond to insulin
What are the female and male sex hormones? - Ans>>oestrogen (from ovaries) and
testosterone (produced by testes)
Where is FSH produced and what is its function? - Ans>>- secreted by the pituitary
gland
- causes eggs to mature in ovaries in first part of the cycle
- stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
Where is oestrogen produced and what is its function? - Ans>>- secreted by the
ovaries
- inhibits FSH release
- stimulates LH release
Tier quiz and ans
What is homeostasis? - Ans>>The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or
organism in response to internal and external changes.
Why is homeostasis important? - Ans>>It keeps conditions constant for optimal
enzyme action and cell functions.
What does homeostasis include the control of? - Ans>>- blood glucose
concentration - body temperature - water and ion levels
What may the automatic control systems involve? - Ans>>- electrical responses
using the nervous system - chemical responses using hormones
What do control systems include? - Ans>>- receptors (specialised cells which detect
stimuli - changes in the environment)
- coordination centres (e.g. brain, spinal chord, pancreas which receive and process
information from receptors)
- effectors (muscles or glands that carry out the responses that restore optimum
levels
What is a negative feedback system for blood sugar levels? - Ans>>Control centre
in the brain compares the stimulus to a set point e.g. blood sugar level.
Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases insulin,
glucose removed from the blood and stored as glycogen in the liver.
Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases glucagon,
stored glycogen in the liver broken down into glucose and released into the blood
What is the endocrine system? - Ans>>Made up of glands that secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are specific to receptors that identify the
cells in the organ, the organ then produces an effect
What are the main glands that produce hormones in the human body? - Ans>>-
pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- adrenal gland
- pancreas
- ovary
- testis
, What is adrenaline and what does it do? - Ans>>- produced by adrenal gland in
times of fear/stress
- increases heart rate, boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
- prepares body for 'fight or flight'
What is thyroxine and what does it do? - Ans>>- produced by thyroid gland
- increases metabolic rate
- controls growth and development in young animals
- controlled by negative feedback
What is type 1 diabetes and how can it be treated? - Ans>>- caused by the
pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
- results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
- normally treated by monitoring blood sugar levels and injecting insulin when they
are too high
What is type 2 diabetes and how can it be treated? - Ans>>- caused by the body
cells losing the ability to respond to insulin
- obesity is a risk factor
- often treated with controlled diet and regular exercise
- take drugs to control blood sugar levels
What is the effect of injecting insulin on blood glucose levels in people with type 1
and type 2 diabetes? - Ans>>- in people with type 1 diabetes, the insulin lowers the
blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert it into glycogen
- in people with type 2 diabetes, there is little effect because the cells do not
respond to insulin
What are the female and male sex hormones? - Ans>>oestrogen (from ovaries) and
testosterone (produced by testes)
Where is FSH produced and what is its function? - Ans>>- secreted by the pituitary
gland
- causes eggs to mature in ovaries in first part of the cycle
- stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
Where is oestrogen produced and what is its function? - Ans>>- secreted by the
ovaries
- inhibits FSH release
- stimulates LH release
