Total Body Water 60 % of body weight
42L
-1
Determin
S
How to
volume
=mase
S
⑮A
EXTRACELLULAR To find conc. of :
147t
%
20
Border
one
40 %
·
Total
I
Fluid
can cross
compartmen
capillary
blood
and PM (
cells
Is
↓ &
Fluid
Extracellular
invi
m
·
Transcellular
Fluid
0 . 5-1h
CSF
↑
:
ex
A synovial fluid
PLASMA + Evans-
S
Blood Plasma =>
FLUIDs
·
INTERSTITIAL ↳
, 3 5L
.
10 5h .
Border =
capillary · Interstitial Flvid => EC
28L
10 5
.
invr
424
·
where
permeable
to
ministered intenta
water +
i
electrolytes .
Intrace Fluid =>
electrolytes
H20
+
kn
14L * When markers are selected ,
a
3
injected
f
3
marker substance is
.
Evans-blue The marker equilibrates
(distributes)
in bod
loss is subtracted
concentration of marker
The
write Mamoun
Volume =
of
compartment concentrat
,Types of Transport :
Jno
Passive (with)
·
Simple Diffusion No carrier
ATP
Facilitated Diffusion Passive (with)
·
Carrier/Channel
transport
/varp
active (against)
Primary Active
-
Carrier
Cotransport active
·
Secondary Carrier
carrier
live
·
Counter transport
secondary
SIMPLE DIFFUSION explained by
·
passive transport
· with corc .
gradient
Lower conc.
·
from
Higher conc =>
Transm
Fibrosis
: Da ,
CO2 , COO Cystic ci
↳ uses osmosis !
transport
-
of passive
a
type
Mediated use carriers or channels
Protein - =>
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
passive !
·
carriers
·
more through
· with conc ,
gradient
·
faster compared to free diffusion
simple diffusion and
+120 uses both
facilitated diffusion channels)
(aquaporin
ex : iOn channels, GLUT transporters SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANS
aquaporins ,
·
active !
Gupta
Carrier stored
potential energy
some saturated easier
me
Umax , of cone
uses
↳ created by primary active
send t [Glucose]
because km is
higher
glocosecon
,
Umax is lower
ex :
Co-transport
symport
Na
TAL
+
L
/k /C
+
in
Counter-
I
Antip
↓O
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na
Nat/amino acid
·
active ! Inhibitor = orabain inhibits
*
Nat/k +
10
co-transporter
·
uses ATP (electrogenic) ATPase ! Nat
Nat/glucose
against gradient
*H 0 flows t
·
conc ,
,
SGLT co-transporter Isosmotic :
Cassettes)
-
eX :.
3Na" - 290
ATPase
RBC
,Transepithelial Transport
1 TRANCYTOSIS (endocytosis
+ exocytosis)
one numbrane , exocytosis
·
endocytosis dcross
across opposite
inside vesicles
transported
2 TRANSCELLULAR
·
Through cells
channels
carriers
transport proteins
,
Involves
,
·
troule
ex :
Glucose absorption in proximal
Cl Secretion
3 PARACELLULAR
·
Between cells
Transport molecules
across tight junctions
proximal tubule
ex :
H20 in
infestive
of small
Leaky :
epithelium
duct of mephron
Collecting
Tight
:
eicular Transport :
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
, Membrane Potential the difference i
classification
:
potential betwee
(Em) and extracellu
Channels
Voltage-gated
controlled by changes channels for threshold-activated d
gatesmembrane potential ex Nat
·
:.
near
in in neuron APS
the channel
I
K channels for repolarization phas
potential alters
·
the
·
membrane
conformation of the channel proteins ·
Cast channels at
synaptic terminal to
from vesicles
ex Voltage
-
Gated Cast Channels
=> Calt influx
found membrane of excitable cells muscle , neurons
in the :
[m
· -
activated and opened at depolarized membrane potential
S
DHP
·
L type :
> closed DHP
pot.
·
EC (a" =
1 1
.
-
1 . 4 mM At resting membrane
activated
At depolarized membrane pot. T-type :
Stno
IC (a" =
100 M transient
various subunits , a,
Structure :
TYPeY
subunit forms ion pore
channels
C
Secondary messenger-gated
·
gates
controlled by changes in intracellular signalling
molecules
of Cast
which allows exocytosis
ex IPz Receptor SR
:
on
3
Ligand-gated Channels
·
gates controlled by hormones and neurotransmitters
·
sensors are located on extracellular side of ion channel
eX : Nicotinic receptor on motor end plate (muscle)
when acetylcholine binds allows Nat and Ki to
which opens =>
NE and E GPCRs
ex :
↓
↓
B
Function *
·
Establish a membrane potential
APS
42L
-1
Determin
S
How to
volume
=mase
S
⑮A
EXTRACELLULAR To find conc. of :
147t
%
20
Border
one
40 %
·
Total
I
Fluid
can cross
compartmen
capillary
blood
and PM (
cells
Is
↓ &
Fluid
Extracellular
invi
m
·
Transcellular
Fluid
0 . 5-1h
CSF
↑
:
ex
A synovial fluid
PLASMA + Evans-
S
Blood Plasma =>
FLUIDs
·
INTERSTITIAL ↳
, 3 5L
.
10 5h .
Border =
capillary · Interstitial Flvid => EC
28L
10 5
.
invr
424
·
where
permeable
to
ministered intenta
water +
i
electrolytes .
Intrace Fluid =>
electrolytes
H20
+
kn
14L * When markers are selected ,
a
3
injected
f
3
marker substance is
.
Evans-blue The marker equilibrates
(distributes)
in bod
loss is subtracted
concentration of marker
The
write Mamoun
Volume =
of
compartment concentrat
,Types of Transport :
Jno
Passive (with)
·
Simple Diffusion No carrier
ATP
Facilitated Diffusion Passive (with)
·
Carrier/Channel
transport
/varp
active (against)
Primary Active
-
Carrier
Cotransport active
·
Secondary Carrier
carrier
live
·
Counter transport
secondary
SIMPLE DIFFUSION explained by
·
passive transport
· with corc .
gradient
Lower conc.
·
from
Higher conc =>
Transm
Fibrosis
: Da ,
CO2 , COO Cystic ci
↳ uses osmosis !
transport
-
of passive
a
type
Mediated use carriers or channels
Protein - =>
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
passive !
·
carriers
·
more through
· with conc ,
gradient
·
faster compared to free diffusion
simple diffusion and
+120 uses both
facilitated diffusion channels)
(aquaporin
ex : iOn channels, GLUT transporters SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANS
aquaporins ,
·
active !
Gupta
Carrier stored
potential energy
some saturated easier
me
Umax , of cone
uses
↳ created by primary active
send t [Glucose]
because km is
higher
glocosecon
,
Umax is lower
ex :
Co-transport
symport
Na
TAL
+
L
/k /C
+
in
Counter-
I
Antip
↓O
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na
Nat/amino acid
·
active ! Inhibitor = orabain inhibits
*
Nat/k +
10
co-transporter
·
uses ATP (electrogenic) ATPase ! Nat
Nat/glucose
against gradient
*H 0 flows t
·
conc ,
,
SGLT co-transporter Isosmotic :
Cassettes)
-
eX :.
3Na" - 290
ATPase
RBC
,Transepithelial Transport
1 TRANCYTOSIS (endocytosis
+ exocytosis)
one numbrane , exocytosis
·
endocytosis dcross
across opposite
inside vesicles
transported
2 TRANSCELLULAR
·
Through cells
channels
carriers
transport proteins
,
Involves
,
·
troule
ex :
Glucose absorption in proximal
Cl Secretion
3 PARACELLULAR
·
Between cells
Transport molecules
across tight junctions
proximal tubule
ex :
H20 in
infestive
of small
Leaky :
epithelium
duct of mephron
Collecting
Tight
:
eicular Transport :
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
, Membrane Potential the difference i
classification
:
potential betwee
(Em) and extracellu
Channels
Voltage-gated
controlled by changes channels for threshold-activated d
gatesmembrane potential ex Nat
·
:.
near
in in neuron APS
the channel
I
K channels for repolarization phas
potential alters
·
the
·
membrane
conformation of the channel proteins ·
Cast channels at
synaptic terminal to
from vesicles
ex Voltage
-
Gated Cast Channels
=> Calt influx
found membrane of excitable cells muscle , neurons
in the :
[m
· -
activated and opened at depolarized membrane potential
S
DHP
·
L type :
> closed DHP
pot.
·
EC (a" =
1 1
.
-
1 . 4 mM At resting membrane
activated
At depolarized membrane pot. T-type :
Stno
IC (a" =
100 M transient
various subunits , a,
Structure :
TYPeY
subunit forms ion pore
channels
C
Secondary messenger-gated
·
gates
controlled by changes in intracellular signalling
molecules
of Cast
which allows exocytosis
ex IPz Receptor SR
:
on
3
Ligand-gated Channels
·
gates controlled by hormones and neurotransmitters
·
sensors are located on extracellular side of ion channel
eX : Nicotinic receptor on motor end plate (muscle)
when acetylcholine binds allows Nat and Ki to
which opens =>
NE and E GPCRs
ex :
↓
↓
B
Function *
·
Establish a membrane potential
APS
