Psych 223 Quiz 1 | Questions and Answers 2025
1. Human development: the scientific study of age related changes in our bodies, behaviour, thinking, emotions, social
relationships, and personalities throughout the entire lifespan
2. History of Lifespan development: Naturalistic Child Study Movement(1800) > Child Development Movement >
Developmental Psychology. > Lifespan Develop- ment(1980s)
3. How can development happen across the lifespan in adulthood?: enhance- ment, stability, or decline
4. enhancement in adult development: comes from exposure and experience; crystallized intelligence
5. stability in adult development: comes from selective optimization and compen- sation
6. decline in adult development: comes from the loss of abilities and failure to cope
7. Paul Baltes' principles of lifespan development: ones development can be effected by history and context,
plasticitry, multiple causality, and multi-directionality
8. original sin: children are born with a selfish and stubborn nature that requires parental intervention to correct
9. blank slate: John Locke, children are born ready to develop based on their environments requiring parental
supervision to shape positive behaviours
10.empiricism: humans do not natural possess innate qualities such that all differ- ences among us can be attributed to
experience
11.Innate Goodness: John Jacque Rousseau, children are inherently good and will require parental protection from
societal corruption
12.Charles Darwin: naturalism; studied human development through child devel- opment
13.G. Stanley Hall: proposed the use of norms for age associated milestones to track individual development and
species evolution
14.Arnold Gesell: maturation; a genetically programmed sequential pattern of change
15.Jean Piaget: 4 stages of cognitive development between birth and adolescence
16.Domains of development: Physical, Cognitive, social personality. NOT MUTU- ALLY EXCLUSIVE
17.physical domain: changes in the size, shape, and characteristics of the body
18.cognitive domain: changes in thinking, memory, problem-solving, and other intellectual skills
19.social domain: changes in relationships
20.continuity: age related change is quantitative and consists of continuous growth
21.discontinuity: agre related change is qualitative and involves the development of strategies, qualities and skills that
occur in stages
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, Psych 223 Quiz 1 | Questions and Answers 2025
22.growth into lifespan development: as humans age, we adapt strategies to maximize gains and compensate for
losses
23.Classification of age related change: Universal, group specific, individual
24.Universal age related changes: changes that occur due to a genetically pro- grammed maturing process (ie.
puberty)
25.group specific age related changes: shaped by ones culture (ideals) and cohort (sharing same historical
experiences)
26.Individual age related changes: result from unique unshared events with par- ticular focus on sensitive and
critical periods
27.sensitive period: a time in which a child is particularly responsive to certain experiences or lack there of
28.critical period: a particular sentive period in which absense of a particular experience will eliminate chances
of normal development
29.on/off-time: experiences occurring as the expected time of an individuals cul- ture pose fewer difficulties than an
off-time experience
30.Interactionist model: complex and reciprocal interactions of nature and nurture which determines how we develop
31.vulnerabilities and resillience: how protective factors a child is born with interacts with the environment. two
people experiencing the same thing in the same environment can still develop differently
32.goals of the scientific method: describe what happens during development, explain events through theories, use
theories to predict or hypothesize an outcome, use research to influence our knowledge of human development
33.purpose of correlational research: describes direction and strength of a re- lationship between two variables in
order to make predictions (NOT CAUSE AND EFfECT)
34.components of correlational research: 1) researcher measures a variable, x
2) researcher measures another variable, y
3) researcher statistically determines how the variables are related
35.advantages of correlational research: 1) shows strength
2) can be used to make predictions
3) identifies real world associations
36.disadvantages of correlational research: 1) cant assume cause and effect
2) can be effected by a third undefined variable
3) can only show asssociation
37.types of correlational research: naturalistic observation, ethnography, case study, surveys,
psychophysiological methods
38.purpose of experimental research: identify the effect one variable has on another
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1. Human development: the scientific study of age related changes in our bodies, behaviour, thinking, emotions, social
relationships, and personalities throughout the entire lifespan
2. History of Lifespan development: Naturalistic Child Study Movement(1800) > Child Development Movement >
Developmental Psychology. > Lifespan Develop- ment(1980s)
3. How can development happen across the lifespan in adulthood?: enhance- ment, stability, or decline
4. enhancement in adult development: comes from exposure and experience; crystallized intelligence
5. stability in adult development: comes from selective optimization and compen- sation
6. decline in adult development: comes from the loss of abilities and failure to cope
7. Paul Baltes' principles of lifespan development: ones development can be effected by history and context,
plasticitry, multiple causality, and multi-directionality
8. original sin: children are born with a selfish and stubborn nature that requires parental intervention to correct
9. blank slate: John Locke, children are born ready to develop based on their environments requiring parental
supervision to shape positive behaviours
10.empiricism: humans do not natural possess innate qualities such that all differ- ences among us can be attributed to
experience
11.Innate Goodness: John Jacque Rousseau, children are inherently good and will require parental protection from
societal corruption
12.Charles Darwin: naturalism; studied human development through child devel- opment
13.G. Stanley Hall: proposed the use of norms for age associated milestones to track individual development and
species evolution
14.Arnold Gesell: maturation; a genetically programmed sequential pattern of change
15.Jean Piaget: 4 stages of cognitive development between birth and adolescence
16.Domains of development: Physical, Cognitive, social personality. NOT MUTU- ALLY EXCLUSIVE
17.physical domain: changes in the size, shape, and characteristics of the body
18.cognitive domain: changes in thinking, memory, problem-solving, and other intellectual skills
19.social domain: changes in relationships
20.continuity: age related change is quantitative and consists of continuous growth
21.discontinuity: agre related change is qualitative and involves the development of strategies, qualities and skills that
occur in stages
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9
, Psych 223 Quiz 1 | Questions and Answers 2025
22.growth into lifespan development: as humans age, we adapt strategies to maximize gains and compensate for
losses
23.Classification of age related change: Universal, group specific, individual
24.Universal age related changes: changes that occur due to a genetically pro- grammed maturing process (ie.
puberty)
25.group specific age related changes: shaped by ones culture (ideals) and cohort (sharing same historical
experiences)
26.Individual age related changes: result from unique unshared events with par- ticular focus on sensitive and
critical periods
27.sensitive period: a time in which a child is particularly responsive to certain experiences or lack there of
28.critical period: a particular sentive period in which absense of a particular experience will eliminate chances
of normal development
29.on/off-time: experiences occurring as the expected time of an individuals cul- ture pose fewer difficulties than an
off-time experience
30.Interactionist model: complex and reciprocal interactions of nature and nurture which determines how we develop
31.vulnerabilities and resillience: how protective factors a child is born with interacts with the environment. two
people experiencing the same thing in the same environment can still develop differently
32.goals of the scientific method: describe what happens during development, explain events through theories, use
theories to predict or hypothesize an outcome, use research to influence our knowledge of human development
33.purpose of correlational research: describes direction and strength of a re- lationship between two variables in
order to make predictions (NOT CAUSE AND EFfECT)
34.components of correlational research: 1) researcher measures a variable, x
2) researcher measures another variable, y
3) researcher statistically determines how the variables are related
35.advantages of correlational research: 1) shows strength
2) can be used to make predictions
3) identifies real world associations
36.disadvantages of correlational research: 1) cant assume cause and effect
2) can be effected by a third undefined variable
3) can only show asssociation
37.types of correlational research: naturalistic observation, ethnography, case study, surveys,
psychophysiological methods
38.purpose of experimental research: identify the effect one variable has on another
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