L11: Prevalence, Risks and
Symptoms
Introduction
Brain damage and cerebral stroke
Prevalence
Risks
Risk factors
Types of Stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack
Ischemic stroke
Onset
Consequences
Cognitive impairments
Motor effects
Spatial neglect
LO
Give a description of both an ischemic stroke and a haemorrhagic stroke at
a basic level
Be able to describe the difference between these two
Be able to identify symptoms following a stroke (motor, cognitive, affective)
Introduction
Brain damage and cerebral stroke
Brain damage
Stroke = what has occurred as a consequence of brain damage
Brain damage leads to neurodegeneration
Unpredictable
Variability in where it occurs in the brain
Causes:
L11 Prevalence, Risks and Symptoms 1
, Genetics, trauma, tumour, alterations in blood flow
Cerebral stroke
Blockage/interruption of cerebral artery
Leads to death of cells
Symptoms – depend on location
Certain blood vessels in which strokes occur more frequently than
others
Prevalence
In the UK
250400 strokes per 100 000 people
3rd cause of death
1st cause of disability (in adults)
Impact on health/ support services
NHS, social services, carers, family members
Seek out better treatments to reduce cost
Risks
Can happen at any stage of life
400 childhood strokes per year in UK
1 in 4 strokes occur in working age adults
Risk increases with age
L11 Prevalence, Risks and Symptoms 2
, Risk factors
Age
Medical conditions
High blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol
Lifestyle
Smoking, drinking, diet, exercise
Family history and ethnicity
Likely related to incidence of other risk factors e.g. high cholesterol,
diabetes
Sex-specific
Pregnancy, contraceptive pill
From epidemiological studies
Types of Stroke
L11 Prevalence, Risks and Symptoms 3
Symptoms
Introduction
Brain damage and cerebral stroke
Prevalence
Risks
Risk factors
Types of Stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack
Ischemic stroke
Onset
Consequences
Cognitive impairments
Motor effects
Spatial neglect
LO
Give a description of both an ischemic stroke and a haemorrhagic stroke at
a basic level
Be able to describe the difference between these two
Be able to identify symptoms following a stroke (motor, cognitive, affective)
Introduction
Brain damage and cerebral stroke
Brain damage
Stroke = what has occurred as a consequence of brain damage
Brain damage leads to neurodegeneration
Unpredictable
Variability in where it occurs in the brain
Causes:
L11 Prevalence, Risks and Symptoms 1
, Genetics, trauma, tumour, alterations in blood flow
Cerebral stroke
Blockage/interruption of cerebral artery
Leads to death of cells
Symptoms – depend on location
Certain blood vessels in which strokes occur more frequently than
others
Prevalence
In the UK
250400 strokes per 100 000 people
3rd cause of death
1st cause of disability (in adults)
Impact on health/ support services
NHS, social services, carers, family members
Seek out better treatments to reduce cost
Risks
Can happen at any stage of life
400 childhood strokes per year in UK
1 in 4 strokes occur in working age adults
Risk increases with age
L11 Prevalence, Risks and Symptoms 2
, Risk factors
Age
Medical conditions
High blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol
Lifestyle
Smoking, drinking, diet, exercise
Family history and ethnicity
Likely related to incidence of other risk factors e.g. high cholesterol,
diabetes
Sex-specific
Pregnancy, contraceptive pill
From epidemiological studies
Types of Stroke
L11 Prevalence, Risks and Symptoms 3
