PALS Final Review exam with
100% correct answers
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your
emergency department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise
immediate concern. On your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey
more closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of:
- Ans>>Respiratory distress
The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: -
Ans>>brachial
You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious,
*cyanotic* and lethargic after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the
patient, you find vital signs with a respiratory rate of 30, regular pulse rate of
130, regular capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of
102/61. What kind of shock is the patient experiencing? - Ans>>compensate
shock?
A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - Ans>>ABCDE
A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant
myocarditis who is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: -
Ans>>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters
in the AVPU scale? - Ans>>Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds
to normal stimuli based upon age and environment
The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric
patient is: - Ans>>central IV
You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was
admitted after a week of persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral
intake of both solids and liquids. The patient's airway is patent, ventilatory
rate is within normal limits and the patient's circulatory status presents with
tachycardia, a blood pressure of 70/40 and a capillary refill time of 5
seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently. The patient has no history of
cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate fluid administration
dose for this patient is: - Ans>>20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes
You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her
parents brought her to the emergency department with persistent vomiting
and diarrhea for 5 days. The patient presents with *mottled skin* and reports
, of periods where "she just stopped breathing!" according to her parents. The
patient is being managed with a BVM and supplemental oxygen. What is the
best route of establishing vascular access for the purpose of fluid
resuscitation? - Ans>>IV
Which of the following cannot be administered through an ETT? -
Ans>>Sodium bicarbonate
You are examining the rhythm strip of a patient who presents with
bradycardia. Which of the following characteristics may you notice in the
rhythm? - Ans>>The most obvious sign of bradycardia on an ECG is slow
heart rate. The characteristics of P-waves and the QRS complex may vary.
When looking at an EKG, the following characteristics are seen with
bradycardia patients: Slow heart rate, P-waves may not be noticeable, QRS
complex may be wide or narrow, and P-waves and QRS complex may not be
related to bradycardia.
How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? - Ans>>higher
Children's demand for oxygen is ___________ adults. - Ans>>greater
Which of the following must you monitor while fluid resuscitating a patient? -
Ans>>Urine output
What type of pressure is monitored to obtain right ventricular cardiac
preload? - Ans>>Central venous pressure (CVP)
Define shock: - Ans>>When oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is
insufficient compared to metabolic tissue needs
Your 5-year-old patient is admitted to the PICU and is being treated by your
team for hypovolemic shock. The team has administered one bolus of
20ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl . On re-evaluation the patient is alert and anxious with
a heart rate of 145 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 76/48mmHg and a
capillary refill time of 4 seconds. Which of the following is the patient's
clinical condition? - Ans>>hypotensive shock
To treat wheezing in a child, which medication is the most appropriate to
administer? - Ans>>Albuterol
You arrive on scene to assess a 9-year-old boy who was stung by a bee. The
patient is found to be suffering from urticaria and is displaying respiratory
distress with a presentation of nasal flaring, tachypnea and accessory
muscle use. The patient's mother relates he has never had an allergic
reaction to a bee sting, but his father is gravely allergic to bee stings. The
patient relates it is hard to breathe. While gathering your initial set of vital
signs you note the patient has a room air SpO2 is 90%. This finding classifies
100% correct answers
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your
emergency department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise
immediate concern. On your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey
more closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of:
- Ans>>Respiratory distress
The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: -
Ans>>brachial
You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious,
*cyanotic* and lethargic after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the
patient, you find vital signs with a respiratory rate of 30, regular pulse rate of
130, regular capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of
102/61. What kind of shock is the patient experiencing? - Ans>>compensate
shock?
A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - Ans>>ABCDE
A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant
myocarditis who is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: -
Ans>>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters
in the AVPU scale? - Ans>>Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds
to normal stimuli based upon age and environment
The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric
patient is: - Ans>>central IV
You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was
admitted after a week of persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral
intake of both solids and liquids. The patient's airway is patent, ventilatory
rate is within normal limits and the patient's circulatory status presents with
tachycardia, a blood pressure of 70/40 and a capillary refill time of 5
seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently. The patient has no history of
cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate fluid administration
dose for this patient is: - Ans>>20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes
You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her
parents brought her to the emergency department with persistent vomiting
and diarrhea for 5 days. The patient presents with *mottled skin* and reports
, of periods where "she just stopped breathing!" according to her parents. The
patient is being managed with a BVM and supplemental oxygen. What is the
best route of establishing vascular access for the purpose of fluid
resuscitation? - Ans>>IV
Which of the following cannot be administered through an ETT? -
Ans>>Sodium bicarbonate
You are examining the rhythm strip of a patient who presents with
bradycardia. Which of the following characteristics may you notice in the
rhythm? - Ans>>The most obvious sign of bradycardia on an ECG is slow
heart rate. The characteristics of P-waves and the QRS complex may vary.
When looking at an EKG, the following characteristics are seen with
bradycardia patients: Slow heart rate, P-waves may not be noticeable, QRS
complex may be wide or narrow, and P-waves and QRS complex may not be
related to bradycardia.
How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? - Ans>>higher
Children's demand for oxygen is ___________ adults. - Ans>>greater
Which of the following must you monitor while fluid resuscitating a patient? -
Ans>>Urine output
What type of pressure is monitored to obtain right ventricular cardiac
preload? - Ans>>Central venous pressure (CVP)
Define shock: - Ans>>When oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is
insufficient compared to metabolic tissue needs
Your 5-year-old patient is admitted to the PICU and is being treated by your
team for hypovolemic shock. The team has administered one bolus of
20ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl . On re-evaluation the patient is alert and anxious with
a heart rate of 145 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 76/48mmHg and a
capillary refill time of 4 seconds. Which of the following is the patient's
clinical condition? - Ans>>hypotensive shock
To treat wheezing in a child, which medication is the most appropriate to
administer? - Ans>>Albuterol
You arrive on scene to assess a 9-year-old boy who was stung by a bee. The
patient is found to be suffering from urticaria and is displaying respiratory
distress with a presentation of nasal flaring, tachypnea and accessory
muscle use. The patient's mother relates he has never had an allergic
reaction to a bee sting, but his father is gravely allergic to bee stings. The
patient relates it is hard to breathe. While gathering your initial set of vital
signs you note the patient has a room air SpO2 is 90%. This finding classifies
