TEST BANK - INTRODUCTION TO
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 9TH
EDITION (VISOVSKY, 2019) EXAM
2025 LATEST NEWEST UPDATE
WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (100%
CORRECT) //BRAND NEW!!
/ALREADY GRADED A+ WITH
GUARANTEED SUCCESS AFTER
DOWNLOAD (ALL YOU NEED TO
PASS YOUR EXAMS
Chapter 01: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process in LPN Practice
Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
study of poisonous substances and their effects upon the body
Why should a dental hygienist be familiar with pharmacology?
A majority of the older adult population takes several drugs... meaning your patients could be taking
them.
What term refers to a patient taking multiple medications?
Polypharmacy
Assessment in pharmacology
, assess all medication taken by your pt and consider drugs that could be prescribed during tx, med
history and med list should be reviewed at each appt, disease risk assessment will include side effects
of the meds
Planning in pharmacology
the names, dosages, mechanisms of action, and interactions with other drugs and herbal supplements
are all critical
Implementation in pharmacology
educational and therapeutic services require knowledge of the prescription or OTC therapies available
to the dental hygienist
Which is a better source of drug info, Wikipedia or Medline.com?
Medline.com
Only reputable websites should be used
What started addiction to home remedies in the late 19th century?
Codeine
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
What does the FDA do?
regulates the safety of foods, drugs, and cosmetics
Who's in charge of the drug facts on the labels of OTC items?
FDA
T/F: all new drugs must undergo rigid studies in animals and humans before gaining approval for use
by the public
True
What are the 4 stages of approval for drugs?
1. Preclinical investigation
2. Clinical investigation
3. NDA review (new drug application)
4. Post marketing surveillance
Preclinical Investigation
• before clinical studies are done on humans
• must be done on 2 species
• results must be submitted to the FDA before phase 1 of clinical trials
Clinical Investigation
4 Phases
I) first time a drug is administered in a human - determines a proper and safe dose of the drug
II) after safety is determined, another group with a specific disease are given the drug - determines the
common short term effects and risks
III) review of new drug application (NDA) takes about 17-24 months - FDA will not approve an NDA
unless its proven safe and effective
IV) postmarketing surveillance - monitors for harmful or adverse drug effects in a larger population
, What are drug recalls?
Actions taken by the manufacturer to remove a drug or products from the market
Can the FDA initiate a recall?
Yes - manufacturer or the FDA
Classes of drug recalls:
Class I: serious adverse health consequences.
Class II: temporary/reversible.
Class III: unlikely to cause.
How many names does a drug have?
three - chemical, generic, brand
chemical name of drug
Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure - long and complicated
The 1st name given
generic name of drug
The drug's official name - same therapeutically active chemical ingredients as the brand name and
same dosage amounts
(lower case)
Ex: ibuprofen
brand name or trade name
A registered trademark that belong to a particular drug manufacturer and is used to designate a drug
product marketed by that manufacturer
(capitalized)
Ex: Advil or Motrin
T/F: Generic drugs are normally more expensive than brand name drugs
False
T/F: selection of a drug of choice depends on the characteristics of the patient and the clinical
condition
True
How are most drugs made today?
Synthetically (in a lab)
Pharmacology
the biomedical study of interaction of chemical substances with living systems, including cells,
tissues, and organs
(study of drugs)
Drugs
• substances or chemical agents that affect biologic or living systems
• alter normal processes either by stimulating or depressing the function of the cell
Synthetic
man-made
Biologics
agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself
, examples: vaccines, blood and blood components, antibodies, and interferon
Alternative Drug Therapy
includes herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements and natural extracts
What are the five major subgroups of pharmacology?
• pharmacokinetics
• pharmacodynamics
• pharmacotherapeutics
• pharmacogenetics
• toxicology
Pharmacokinetics
the way the body affects the drug
(ADME)
What does ADME mean?
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics
the action a drug has on a specific target of action in the body
Posology
study of dosages of medicines and drugs
Therapeutics
the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease
• prevent
• diagnose
• treat
Pharmacotherapeutics
study of the use of drugs in treating disease
Pharmacogenetics
the study of the interrelation of hereditary constitution and response to drugs
Toxicology
Can an RDH sign a prescription?
No - An RDH may write an Rx but the dentist has to sign it in INK
What are the parts of a prescription?
Heading
Body
Closing
What does the heading of a prescription include?
• prescriber and patient information: prescriber's name, address, and phone number and the patient's
name, address, and age
• date the prescription was written
• may include the DEA #
T/F: a dentist can write a prescription for something unrelated to dental
False - a prescriber is required by law to write for drugs that pertain only to his or her profession
What does the body of a prescription include?
Contains the Rx symbol
• drug name (generic or brand)
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 9TH
EDITION (VISOVSKY, 2019) EXAM
2025 LATEST NEWEST UPDATE
WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (100%
CORRECT) //BRAND NEW!!
/ALREADY GRADED A+ WITH
GUARANTEED SUCCESS AFTER
DOWNLOAD (ALL YOU NEED TO
PASS YOUR EXAMS
Chapter 01: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process in LPN Practice
Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
study of poisonous substances and their effects upon the body
Why should a dental hygienist be familiar with pharmacology?
A majority of the older adult population takes several drugs... meaning your patients could be taking
them.
What term refers to a patient taking multiple medications?
Polypharmacy
Assessment in pharmacology
, assess all medication taken by your pt and consider drugs that could be prescribed during tx, med
history and med list should be reviewed at each appt, disease risk assessment will include side effects
of the meds
Planning in pharmacology
the names, dosages, mechanisms of action, and interactions with other drugs and herbal supplements
are all critical
Implementation in pharmacology
educational and therapeutic services require knowledge of the prescription or OTC therapies available
to the dental hygienist
Which is a better source of drug info, Wikipedia or Medline.com?
Medline.com
Only reputable websites should be used
What started addiction to home remedies in the late 19th century?
Codeine
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
What does the FDA do?
regulates the safety of foods, drugs, and cosmetics
Who's in charge of the drug facts on the labels of OTC items?
FDA
T/F: all new drugs must undergo rigid studies in animals and humans before gaining approval for use
by the public
True
What are the 4 stages of approval for drugs?
1. Preclinical investigation
2. Clinical investigation
3. NDA review (new drug application)
4. Post marketing surveillance
Preclinical Investigation
• before clinical studies are done on humans
• must be done on 2 species
• results must be submitted to the FDA before phase 1 of clinical trials
Clinical Investigation
4 Phases
I) first time a drug is administered in a human - determines a proper and safe dose of the drug
II) after safety is determined, another group with a specific disease are given the drug - determines the
common short term effects and risks
III) review of new drug application (NDA) takes about 17-24 months - FDA will not approve an NDA
unless its proven safe and effective
IV) postmarketing surveillance - monitors for harmful or adverse drug effects in a larger population
, What are drug recalls?
Actions taken by the manufacturer to remove a drug or products from the market
Can the FDA initiate a recall?
Yes - manufacturer or the FDA
Classes of drug recalls:
Class I: serious adverse health consequences.
Class II: temporary/reversible.
Class III: unlikely to cause.
How many names does a drug have?
three - chemical, generic, brand
chemical name of drug
Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure - long and complicated
The 1st name given
generic name of drug
The drug's official name - same therapeutically active chemical ingredients as the brand name and
same dosage amounts
(lower case)
Ex: ibuprofen
brand name or trade name
A registered trademark that belong to a particular drug manufacturer and is used to designate a drug
product marketed by that manufacturer
(capitalized)
Ex: Advil or Motrin
T/F: Generic drugs are normally more expensive than brand name drugs
False
T/F: selection of a drug of choice depends on the characteristics of the patient and the clinical
condition
True
How are most drugs made today?
Synthetically (in a lab)
Pharmacology
the biomedical study of interaction of chemical substances with living systems, including cells,
tissues, and organs
(study of drugs)
Drugs
• substances or chemical agents that affect biologic or living systems
• alter normal processes either by stimulating or depressing the function of the cell
Synthetic
man-made
Biologics
agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself
, examples: vaccines, blood and blood components, antibodies, and interferon
Alternative Drug Therapy
includes herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements and natural extracts
What are the five major subgroups of pharmacology?
• pharmacokinetics
• pharmacodynamics
• pharmacotherapeutics
• pharmacogenetics
• toxicology
Pharmacokinetics
the way the body affects the drug
(ADME)
What does ADME mean?
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics
the action a drug has on a specific target of action in the body
Posology
study of dosages of medicines and drugs
Therapeutics
the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease
• prevent
• diagnose
• treat
Pharmacotherapeutics
study of the use of drugs in treating disease
Pharmacogenetics
the study of the interrelation of hereditary constitution and response to drugs
Toxicology
Can an RDH sign a prescription?
No - An RDH may write an Rx but the dentist has to sign it in INK
What are the parts of a prescription?
Heading
Body
Closing
What does the heading of a prescription include?
• prescriber and patient information: prescriber's name, address, and phone number and the patient's
name, address, and age
• date the prescription was written
• may include the DEA #
T/F: a dentist can write a prescription for something unrelated to dental
False - a prescriber is required by law to write for drugs that pertain only to his or her profession
What does the body of a prescription include?
Contains the Rx symbol
• drug name (generic or brand)
