ELECTRONIC FETAL MONITORING (EFM) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025(VERIFIED BY EXPERT) A+

Normal UC


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5 or LESS contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30‐minute window




Causes of Prolonged Deceleration

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• Cord Compression (cord prolapse)
• Profound Maternal Hypotension
• Maternal Hypoxemia
• Tetanic UC
• Prolonged Head Compression
• Amniotic Fluid Embolism
• Paracervical Anesthesia
• Fetal Vagal Response to Stimulation




Baseline FHR


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the average FHR over 10 minutes, rounded to the nearest 5 bpm




Prolonged Acceleration


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Lasts 2 minutes or more, but LESS than 10 minutes




Tachysystole UC


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, 5 or MORE contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30‐minute window




Prolonged Deceleration


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Visually apparent decrease in the FHR below the baseline
that's 15 bpm or more, lasting 2 minutes or more, but LESS
than 10 minutes from the onset to return to baseline




Causes of Acceleration


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-Fetal Movement
-Vaginal Exams
-UCs
-Mild Cord Compression




Interventions to Correct Variable Decelerations (cord compression)


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• Change Maternal Position on L Lateral (relieve cord compression)
• Oxygen (increase O2 delivery to fetus)
• Stop Oxytocin (decrease contractions causing compression)
• Tocolytic- Terbutaline (useful with tachysystole or tetanic contraction)