BIOS 255
Anatomy & Physiology III
Final Exams Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Question : Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible
for the reabsorption of water?
a. Bowman's capsule
b. Proximal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d. Distal convoluted tubule
ANS : c. Loop of Henle
- Rationale : The descending limb of the Loop of Henle is
permeable to water, allowing for significant reabsorption.
©2025
,2. Question : Which cranial nerve is responsible for the
movement of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
a. Oculomotor (III)
b. Trochlear (IV)
c. Abducens (VI)
d. Optic (II)
ANS : c. Abducens (VI)
- Rationale : The abducens nerve controls lateral eye
movement through innervation of the lateral rectus muscle.
3. Question : Which type of leukocyte is most active during a
bacterial infection?
a. Eosinophils
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophils
d. Lymphocytes
ANS : c. Neutrophils
- Rationale : Neutrophils are the primary defenders against
bacterial infections, responding quickly to sites of inflammation.
©2025
,4. Question : What is the main regulatory mechanism of the
hypothalamus in maintaining homeostasis?
a. Positive feedback
b. Neural transmission
c. Hormonal secretion
d. Negative feedback
ANS : d. Negative feedback
- Rationale : The hypothalamus usually operates through
negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
5. Question : Which type of cell in the retina is responsible for
color vision?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
ANS : b. Cones
- Rationale : Cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina
responsible for color vision and function best in bright light.
6. Question : The primary function of surfactant in the lungs is
to:
©2025
, a. Enhance oxygen diffusion
b. Increase lung compliance
c. Facilitate mucociliary clearance
d. Produce sound during expiration
ANS : b. Increase lung compliance
- Rationale : Surfactant decreases surface tension in the
alveoli, increasing lung compliance and preventing collapse
during exhalation.
7. Question : Which hormone is primarily responsible for
calcium homeostasis in the blood?
a. Thyroxine
b. Insulin
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Cortisol
ANS : c. Parathyroid hormone
- Rationale : Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in
the blood by increasing calcium absorption in the gut,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and mobilization from bone.
8. Question : The primary function of aldosterone is to:
a. Decrease blood pressure
©2025
Anatomy & Physiology III
Final Exams Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Question : Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible
for the reabsorption of water?
a. Bowman's capsule
b. Proximal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d. Distal convoluted tubule
ANS : c. Loop of Henle
- Rationale : The descending limb of the Loop of Henle is
permeable to water, allowing for significant reabsorption.
©2025
,2. Question : Which cranial nerve is responsible for the
movement of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
a. Oculomotor (III)
b. Trochlear (IV)
c. Abducens (VI)
d. Optic (II)
ANS : c. Abducens (VI)
- Rationale : The abducens nerve controls lateral eye
movement through innervation of the lateral rectus muscle.
3. Question : Which type of leukocyte is most active during a
bacterial infection?
a. Eosinophils
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophils
d. Lymphocytes
ANS : c. Neutrophils
- Rationale : Neutrophils are the primary defenders against
bacterial infections, responding quickly to sites of inflammation.
©2025
,4. Question : What is the main regulatory mechanism of the
hypothalamus in maintaining homeostasis?
a. Positive feedback
b. Neural transmission
c. Hormonal secretion
d. Negative feedback
ANS : d. Negative feedback
- Rationale : The hypothalamus usually operates through
negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
5. Question : Which type of cell in the retina is responsible for
color vision?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
ANS : b. Cones
- Rationale : Cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina
responsible for color vision and function best in bright light.
6. Question : The primary function of surfactant in the lungs is
to:
©2025
, a. Enhance oxygen diffusion
b. Increase lung compliance
c. Facilitate mucociliary clearance
d. Produce sound during expiration
ANS : b. Increase lung compliance
- Rationale : Surfactant decreases surface tension in the
alveoli, increasing lung compliance and preventing collapse
during exhalation.
7. Question : Which hormone is primarily responsible for
calcium homeostasis in the blood?
a. Thyroxine
b. Insulin
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Cortisol
ANS : c. Parathyroid hormone
- Rationale : Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in
the blood by increasing calcium absorption in the gut,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and mobilization from bone.
8. Question : The primary function of aldosterone is to:
a. Decrease blood pressure
©2025
