BIOL 546 FINAL
1. The action of the growth hormone on energy metabolism can be summa- rized as follows:
a. An anti-glucagon effect.
b. An anti-glycogenolysis effect.
c. An anti-gluconeogenesis effect.
d. An anti-insulin effect.: d. An anti-insulin effect.
2. All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane poten- tial to the equilibrium potential of
Na.
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to the equilibrium potential of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the rising phase of the action potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-chan- nels.: e) Voltage-gated Na-channels
stay open longer than voltage-gated K-chan- nels.
3. Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically similar to nerve cells found in other
animals. The membrane potential when only sodium ions can move across the membrane was measured at +116
mV. What is the sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium concentration inside the cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M: e) 0.1 M
4. What is the neurological effect of a drug that prevents priming of vesicles in the presynaptic terminal of the
neuromuscular synapse?
a) It stops sending impulses to muscles (paralysis).
b) It continues sending impulses to muscles (seizures).
c) It starts glial cells to produce action potentials.
d) None of the above.: a) It stops sending impulses to muscles (paralysis).
5. The safety factor of an action potential is:
a) the amount of depolarization above what is needed to reach threshold
, BIOL 546 FINAL
potential.
b) the amount of depolarization from zero membrane potential to the peak of the action potential.
c) the change from the membrane hyperpolarization level to the resting mem- brane potential.
d) the spread of the depolarization along an axon membrane.
e) the protective function of the myelin sheet.: a) the amount of depolarization above what is needed to reach
threshold potential.
6. Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action potential in the connected bipolar
cell.
a) true
b) false: b) false
7. The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose in a cell is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle.: b) oxidative phosphorylation.
8. Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as ....
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
d) none of the above.: c) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
9. What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment.
b) To anticipate changes in the environment.
c) To return a variable toward the set point.
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body.: d) To bring about a rapid change in the body.
10.Water can be transported by the following process(es):
a) by a water pump driven by ATP.
b) by water channels.
c) by solute-coupled transport.
, BIOL 546 FINAL
d) b and c.
e) a and b: d) b and c.
11.What do you expect when two neurons are connected through presynaptic inhibition?
a) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will reduce the effects of one neuron.
b) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will increase the effects of one neuron.
c) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will not change the effects of the neurons.
d) None of the above.: a) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will reduce the effects of one neuron.
12.What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
a) Mechanoreceptors.
b) Chemoreceptors.
c) Nociceptors.
d) Photoreceptors.: a) Mechanoreceptors.
13.A complete lesion (destruction) of the left lateral geniculate nucleus pro- duces which one of the following
visual field defects?
a) loss of lateral inhibition.
b) loss of the left visual field.
c) loss of both left and right visual field.
d) loss of color vision.
e) none of the above.: e) none of the above.
14.The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal: b) ganglion
15.The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds of different pitches (frequencies)
is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving cilia into one direction and to low pitch by moving cilia into
the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations depending on pitch.
c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
d) the basilar membrane has more hair cells near the oval window and fewer hair cells near the apex.
, BIOL 546 FINAL
e) high frequency sounds allows K+ to enter the hair cells and low frequency sounds allows Na+ to enter the hair
cells.: c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
16.What happens to the membrane potential if the conductance for ion X increases and the equilibrium
potential of X is more positive than the resting potential?
a) depolarization
b) hyperpolarization
c) no change
d) none of the above: a) depolarization
17.Saltatory conduction of an action potential is ....
a) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by negative feedback.
b) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by positive feedback.
c) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by increasing the diameter of the axon.
d) None of the above: d) None of the above
18.Two neurons, A and B, synapse onto a third neuron, C. The A-C synapse is a chemical excitatory synapse
and the B-C synapse is electrical. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) An action potential in neuron A causes an IPSP in neuron B.
b) An action potential in neuron B causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron A.
c) Simultaneous action potentials in A and B will cause less depolarization of neuron C than if only A fired an
action potential.
d) A depolarization in neuron C causes a depolarization in neuron B.
e) A hyperpolarization in neuron C causes a hyperpolarization in neuron A.: d) A depolarization in neuron C
causes a depolarization in neuron B.
19.The detection of light in the human eye is based upon the light-induced change of
a) rhodopsin to deltapsin.
b) opsin to nopsin.
c) cis retinal to cis retinol.
d) cis retinal to trans retinal.: d) cis retinal to trans retinal.
20.Osmosis refers to the movement of what substance across semipermeable membranes?
a) Glucose
b) Charged particles
c) Lipid molecules
d) Water
e) Solutes: d) Water
1. The action of the growth hormone on energy metabolism can be summa- rized as follows:
a. An anti-glucagon effect.
b. An anti-glycogenolysis effect.
c. An anti-gluconeogenesis effect.
d. An anti-insulin effect.: d. An anti-insulin effect.
2. All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane poten- tial to the equilibrium potential of
Na.
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to the equilibrium potential of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the rising phase of the action potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-chan- nels.: e) Voltage-gated Na-channels
stay open longer than voltage-gated K-chan- nels.
3. Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically similar to nerve cells found in other
animals. The membrane potential when only sodium ions can move across the membrane was measured at +116
mV. What is the sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium concentration inside the cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M: e) 0.1 M
4. What is the neurological effect of a drug that prevents priming of vesicles in the presynaptic terminal of the
neuromuscular synapse?
a) It stops sending impulses to muscles (paralysis).
b) It continues sending impulses to muscles (seizures).
c) It starts glial cells to produce action potentials.
d) None of the above.: a) It stops sending impulses to muscles (paralysis).
5. The safety factor of an action potential is:
a) the amount of depolarization above what is needed to reach threshold
, BIOL 546 FINAL
potential.
b) the amount of depolarization from zero membrane potential to the peak of the action potential.
c) the change from the membrane hyperpolarization level to the resting mem- brane potential.
d) the spread of the depolarization along an axon membrane.
e) the protective function of the myelin sheet.: a) the amount of depolarization above what is needed to reach
threshold potential.
6. Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action potential in the connected bipolar
cell.
a) true
b) false: b) false
7. The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose in a cell is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle.: b) oxidative phosphorylation.
8. Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as ....
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
d) none of the above.: c) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
9. What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment.
b) To anticipate changes in the environment.
c) To return a variable toward the set point.
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body.: d) To bring about a rapid change in the body.
10.Water can be transported by the following process(es):
a) by a water pump driven by ATP.
b) by water channels.
c) by solute-coupled transport.
, BIOL 546 FINAL
d) b and c.
e) a and b: d) b and c.
11.What do you expect when two neurons are connected through presynaptic inhibition?
a) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will reduce the effects of one neuron.
b) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will increase the effects of one neuron.
c) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will not change the effects of the neurons.
d) None of the above.: a) Simultaneous activity in both neurons will reduce the effects of one neuron.
12.What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
a) Mechanoreceptors.
b) Chemoreceptors.
c) Nociceptors.
d) Photoreceptors.: a) Mechanoreceptors.
13.A complete lesion (destruction) of the left lateral geniculate nucleus pro- duces which one of the following
visual field defects?
a) loss of lateral inhibition.
b) loss of the left visual field.
c) loss of both left and right visual field.
d) loss of color vision.
e) none of the above.: e) none of the above.
14.The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal: b) ganglion
15.The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds of different pitches (frequencies)
is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving cilia into one direction and to low pitch by moving cilia into
the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations depending on pitch.
c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
d) the basilar membrane has more hair cells near the oval window and fewer hair cells near the apex.
, BIOL 546 FINAL
e) high frequency sounds allows K+ to enter the hair cells and low frequency sounds allows Na+ to enter the hair
cells.: c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
16.What happens to the membrane potential if the conductance for ion X increases and the equilibrium
potential of X is more positive than the resting potential?
a) depolarization
b) hyperpolarization
c) no change
d) none of the above: a) depolarization
17.Saltatory conduction of an action potential is ....
a) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by negative feedback.
b) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by positive feedback.
c) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by increasing the diameter of the axon.
d) None of the above: d) None of the above
18.Two neurons, A and B, synapse onto a third neuron, C. The A-C synapse is a chemical excitatory synapse
and the B-C synapse is electrical. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) An action potential in neuron A causes an IPSP in neuron B.
b) An action potential in neuron B causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron A.
c) Simultaneous action potentials in A and B will cause less depolarization of neuron C than if only A fired an
action potential.
d) A depolarization in neuron C causes a depolarization in neuron B.
e) A hyperpolarization in neuron C causes a hyperpolarization in neuron A.: d) A depolarization in neuron C
causes a depolarization in neuron B.
19.The detection of light in the human eye is based upon the light-induced change of
a) rhodopsin to deltapsin.
b) opsin to nopsin.
c) cis retinal to cis retinol.
d) cis retinal to trans retinal.: d) cis retinal to trans retinal.
20.Osmosis refers to the movement of what substance across semipermeable membranes?
a) Glucose
b) Charged particles
c) Lipid molecules
d) Water
e) Solutes: d) Water
