BIOL 546 FINAL
EXAM
1.What is the effect of adding a drug to a skeletal muscle that makes the
DHP receptor non-functional?: The muscle will not show a contraction
upon stimulation
2.The strongest contraction a skeletal muscle can produce occurs when::
the action potentials come at very high frequency, producing complete
tetanus
3.Muscle of facial expression must make very finely controlled
movements, but do not require much strength. What does this ability
suggests about its motor units?: There are few muscle cells per motor
unit.
4.During an isotonic muscle contraction the: parallel elastic
components get shorter.
5.Choose the answer that arranges this list of events in excitation-
contraction coupling in the correct order or sequence in which they occur.
Hint: number each item, and choose the answer that rearranges them in the
correct numer- ical sequence.
V. action potential travels down T-tubules
W. motor endplate depolarizes
X. myosin heads pull actin along thick filaments
Y. action potential travels over muscle cell membrane
Z. Ca++ released through channels from SR: W, Y, V, Z, X
6.The primary role of calcium in the activation of skeletal muscle
contraction is to: unblock the binding sites on actin for myosin
7.Which muscle type has the longest contraction duration?: Smooth muscle
8.Sarah is a girl with dreams of becoming an Olympic marathon runner.
She just learned that she has a rare genetic mutation and does not produce
functional creatine phosphate. What portion of Sarah's marathon experience
will be effected?: Just the beginning of her running
9.What causes the smooth muscles to relax?: The removal of phosphate
from myosin
10.Which motor neurons release acetylcholine to stimulate muscle
contrac- tions: Parasympathetic neurons connected to smooth muscles
and Somatic neu- rons connected to skeletal muscles
11.The latch stage of a smooth muscle contraction requires: a
continued elevation of calcium ions and a continued muscle
stimulation
12.Which of these hormones control their target cells by a very similar
mech- anism to the regulation of T3 and T4?: cortisol
13.Which of these is the mechanism used by lipid soluble hormones to
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16
, BIOL 546 FINAL
EXAM
affect their target cells?: They diffuse through membrane and act directly
on gene expression.
14. Which of these is true of glucagon?: It triggers processes that tend
to increase blood glucose concentration
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16
, BIOL 546 FINAL
EXAM
15.The action of the growth hormone on energy metabolism can be
summa- rized as follows: An anti-insulin effect
16.The same hormone can result in different end effects in the same cell
or tissue due to: divergent action
17.The anterior pituitary gland releases all of the following hormones
EX- CEPT: calcitonin
18.Thyroid hormones
a. bind to the plasma membrane receptors of target cells.
b. decreases metabolism.
c. contain myodine.
d. decreases heat production: none of the above
19.A patient has advanced stage cancer and her liver is starting to fail.
One consequence is markedly reduced plasma proteins. In what way might
this affect her endocrine system?: A reduction in the rate of hydrophobic
hormones like steroid and thyroid hormones reaching their target
tissues
20.With regard to the action of hormones on cellular receptors, which of
these describes "amplification"?: A single hormone molecule activates
multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate
thousands of enzymes
21.Type 1 diabetes: is due to loss of beta cells in the pancreas
22.The mode of action of insulin in muscle and fat cells involves:
adding GLUT-4 transporters
23.Sympathetic stimulation of the heart results in: a reduced
repolarization of the pacemaker potentials
24.Systole refers to the of the ---- ventricles, when pressure is-----contractio
highest
25.In the cardiac muscle, calcium channels are open during the phase
and sodium channels are open during the phase.: 1, 0
26.The largest volume of blood can be found in the: veins
27.When acetylcholine is released from neurons connected to the atria,
the heart rate: parasympathetic; decreases
28.In the systemic circuit, which of these describes active hyperemia:
An increased local metabolic activity results in vasodilation
29.For a patient with an increased production of plasma proteins, which of
the following would be TRUE?: Less fluid than usual will flow out of the
capillary based on the increased osmotic pressure.
30.Cardiac muscle cells do not show tetanus, because: the refractory
period is over when the muscle starts to relax
3/
16
EXAM
1.What is the effect of adding a drug to a skeletal muscle that makes the
DHP receptor non-functional?: The muscle will not show a contraction
upon stimulation
2.The strongest contraction a skeletal muscle can produce occurs when::
the action potentials come at very high frequency, producing complete
tetanus
3.Muscle of facial expression must make very finely controlled
movements, but do not require much strength. What does this ability
suggests about its motor units?: There are few muscle cells per motor
unit.
4.During an isotonic muscle contraction the: parallel elastic
components get shorter.
5.Choose the answer that arranges this list of events in excitation-
contraction coupling in the correct order or sequence in which they occur.
Hint: number each item, and choose the answer that rearranges them in the
correct numer- ical sequence.
V. action potential travels down T-tubules
W. motor endplate depolarizes
X. myosin heads pull actin along thick filaments
Y. action potential travels over muscle cell membrane
Z. Ca++ released through channels from SR: W, Y, V, Z, X
6.The primary role of calcium in the activation of skeletal muscle
contraction is to: unblock the binding sites on actin for myosin
7.Which muscle type has the longest contraction duration?: Smooth muscle
8.Sarah is a girl with dreams of becoming an Olympic marathon runner.
She just learned that she has a rare genetic mutation and does not produce
functional creatine phosphate. What portion of Sarah's marathon experience
will be effected?: Just the beginning of her running
9.What causes the smooth muscles to relax?: The removal of phosphate
from myosin
10.Which motor neurons release acetylcholine to stimulate muscle
contrac- tions: Parasympathetic neurons connected to smooth muscles
and Somatic neu- rons connected to skeletal muscles
11.The latch stage of a smooth muscle contraction requires: a
continued elevation of calcium ions and a continued muscle
stimulation
12.Which of these hormones control their target cells by a very similar
mech- anism to the regulation of T3 and T4?: cortisol
13.Which of these is the mechanism used by lipid soluble hormones to
1/
16
, BIOL 546 FINAL
EXAM
affect their target cells?: They diffuse through membrane and act directly
on gene expression.
14. Which of these is true of glucagon?: It triggers processes that tend
to increase blood glucose concentration
2/
16
, BIOL 546 FINAL
EXAM
15.The action of the growth hormone on energy metabolism can be
summa- rized as follows: An anti-insulin effect
16.The same hormone can result in different end effects in the same cell
or tissue due to: divergent action
17.The anterior pituitary gland releases all of the following hormones
EX- CEPT: calcitonin
18.Thyroid hormones
a. bind to the plasma membrane receptors of target cells.
b. decreases metabolism.
c. contain myodine.
d. decreases heat production: none of the above
19.A patient has advanced stage cancer and her liver is starting to fail.
One consequence is markedly reduced plasma proteins. In what way might
this affect her endocrine system?: A reduction in the rate of hydrophobic
hormones like steroid and thyroid hormones reaching their target
tissues
20.With regard to the action of hormones on cellular receptors, which of
these describes "amplification"?: A single hormone molecule activates
multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate
thousands of enzymes
21.Type 1 diabetes: is due to loss of beta cells in the pancreas
22.The mode of action of insulin in muscle and fat cells involves:
adding GLUT-4 transporters
23.Sympathetic stimulation of the heart results in: a reduced
repolarization of the pacemaker potentials
24.Systole refers to the of the ---- ventricles, when pressure is-----contractio
highest
25.In the cardiac muscle, calcium channels are open during the phase
and sodium channels are open during the phase.: 1, 0
26.The largest volume of blood can be found in the: veins
27.When acetylcholine is released from neurons connected to the atria,
the heart rate: parasympathetic; decreases
28.In the systemic circuit, which of these describes active hyperemia:
An increased local metabolic activity results in vasodilation
29.For a patient with an increased production of plasma proteins, which of
the following would be TRUE?: Less fluid than usual will flow out of the
capillary based on the increased osmotic pressure.
30.Cardiac muscle cells do not show tetanus, because: the refractory
period is over when the muscle starts to relax
3/
16
