NRS 502 Exam with Questions with
complete solutions 2025
Stages .of .implementing .evidence .based .practise .(Moule .2015) .- .CORRECT
.ANSWERS-Identify .a .problem, .create .a .specific .research .question, .literature
.search .for .the .best .available .evidence, .appraise .the .evidence, .identify .patient
.needs/preferences, .evaluate .effects .of .application .and .consider .alternatives
2 .acronyms .to .create .a .specific .research .question .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
PICOT .and .SPIDER
What .does .PICOT .stand .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-P: .Population .and .problem
I: .Intervention
C: .Comparison
O: .Outcome
T: .Timeframe
What .type .of .research .is .PICOT .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Quantitative
What .does .SPIDER .stand .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-S .- .Sample
PI .- .Phenomenon .of .Interest
D .- .Design
E .- .Evaluation .
R .- .Research .Type
What .type .of .research .is .SPIDER .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Qualitative
,What .is .truncation? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-When .characters .are .replaced .with
.a .* .? .Or .$ .to .allow .for .more .results .i.e. .Nurs* .= .Nurse, .Nurses, .Nursing ....
Could .also .be .used .to .search .for .alternative .spellings .i.e. .col*r .= .color .and
.colour
Name .3 .Boolean .search .operators. .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-And, .or, .not
Key .features .of .a .systematic .review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Attempts .to .collate
.all .empirical .evidence .(published .and .unpublished) .that .fits .the .eligibility
.criteria .to .answer .a .specific .research .question
Key .features .of .a .systematic .literature .review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Review .is
.logical .and .with .a .set .out .plan .but .with .a .narrower .scope .and .is .less .rigorous
Key .features .of .a .scoping .review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Usually .precedes .a .full
.systematic .review, .aiming .to .identify .key .concepts, .maps .out .the .primary
.sources .of .potential .evidence .and .their .availability
Key .features .of .a .rapid .evidence .assessment/review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
Structured .and .rigorous .search .and .quality .assessment .of .the .uncovered
.evidence .of .a .research .area; .not .as .extensive .as .a .systematic .review. .For
.decision .and .policy .making.
Key .features .of .a .evidence .and .gap .mapping .exercise .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
Maps .out .and .categorises .existing .literature .from .which .commission .further
.reviews .and/or .primary .research .by .identifying .gaps .in .the .research .literature
Key .features .of .a .meta .analysis .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Statistically .combines
.results .of .quantitative .studies .to .provide .the .precise .effects .of .resul
Compare .literature .reviews .with .systematic .reviews .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-In
.literature .reviews .the .research .question .is .more .broad .than .systematic .reviews,
.the .literature .search .may .not .be .comprehensive .in .scope .and .results .may .be
.selected .subjectively .whereas .in .a .systematic .review .the .search .aims .to .find .all
.published .and .unpublished .literature .that .is .comprehensive .in .scope. .Literature
.reviews .may .not .have .a .clear .rationale .but .a .systematic .review .will. .Literature
, .reviews .may .not .always .assess .quality .or .to .the .same .standards .as .a
.systematic .review. .In .literature .reviews .a .method .and .results .section .may .not
.be .included .whereas .systematic .reviews .will. .In .a .literature .review .a .conclusion
.will .be .built .on .the .researchers .prior .knowledge .rather .than .the .included
.studies .whereas .a .systematic .review .will .build .a .clear .conclusion .from .the
.included .studies.
What .are .the .two .paradigms .in .this .module? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
Quantitative .and .qualitative .research
What .is .a .paradigms .? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Philosophies .or .theories .of
.knowledge .and .reality .on .which .research .studies .are .built.
What .is .quantitative .research? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-A .scientific .approach .to
.research .underpinned .by .POSITIVISM .and .emphasises .the .use .of .a .scientific
.method. .The .aim .is .to .test .a .hypothesis, .explaining .and .predicting
.what/where/why/how/when .phenomena .occurred. .This .approach .is .deductive.
Who .is .the .founder .of .positivism .? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Auguste .Comte .(late
.1700s)
What .is .positivism? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Positivism .takes .the .view .that .only
.factual .knowledge .is .gained .through .observation .(the .senses) .including
.measurement. .The .role .of .the .researcher .is .to .collect .and .interpret .data .in .an
.objective .way. .Research .findings .are .usually .observable .and .quantifiable.
.(Collins, .2010)
How .do .we .get .toe .clinical .guidelines? .(Hierarchy .of .evidence) .- .CORRECT
.ANSWERS-Beginning .with .animal .and .laboratory .studies .that .didn't .involve
.humans, .moving .on .to .case .reports/series .that .involve .an .expert .opinion, .then
.we .move .to .case .control .studies .which .are .retrospective .and .looking .into .risk
.factors. .Next .we .complete .cohort .studies .which .are .prospective .and .that
.expose .a .cohort .to .risk .and .observe .an .outcome .of .interest. .Following .this .we
.complete .randomised .control .trials .to .test .a .treatment. .Then .meta .analysis .and
.systematic .reviews .(both .secondary .data) .take .place .which .influence .clinical
.practise .guidelines.
Divisions .of .quantitative .research .designs .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Descriptive:
.case .reports, .case .series, .cross-sectional .studies
complete solutions 2025
Stages .of .implementing .evidence .based .practise .(Moule .2015) .- .CORRECT
.ANSWERS-Identify .a .problem, .create .a .specific .research .question, .literature
.search .for .the .best .available .evidence, .appraise .the .evidence, .identify .patient
.needs/preferences, .evaluate .effects .of .application .and .consider .alternatives
2 .acronyms .to .create .a .specific .research .question .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
PICOT .and .SPIDER
What .does .PICOT .stand .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-P: .Population .and .problem
I: .Intervention
C: .Comparison
O: .Outcome
T: .Timeframe
What .type .of .research .is .PICOT .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Quantitative
What .does .SPIDER .stand .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-S .- .Sample
PI .- .Phenomenon .of .Interest
D .- .Design
E .- .Evaluation .
R .- .Research .Type
What .type .of .research .is .SPIDER .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Qualitative
,What .is .truncation? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-When .characters .are .replaced .with
.a .* .? .Or .$ .to .allow .for .more .results .i.e. .Nurs* .= .Nurse, .Nurses, .Nursing ....
Could .also .be .used .to .search .for .alternative .spellings .i.e. .col*r .= .color .and
.colour
Name .3 .Boolean .search .operators. .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-And, .or, .not
Key .features .of .a .systematic .review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Attempts .to .collate
.all .empirical .evidence .(published .and .unpublished) .that .fits .the .eligibility
.criteria .to .answer .a .specific .research .question
Key .features .of .a .systematic .literature .review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Review .is
.logical .and .with .a .set .out .plan .but .with .a .narrower .scope .and .is .less .rigorous
Key .features .of .a .scoping .review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Usually .precedes .a .full
.systematic .review, .aiming .to .identify .key .concepts, .maps .out .the .primary
.sources .of .potential .evidence .and .their .availability
Key .features .of .a .rapid .evidence .assessment/review .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
Structured .and .rigorous .search .and .quality .assessment .of .the .uncovered
.evidence .of .a .research .area; .not .as .extensive .as .a .systematic .review. .For
.decision .and .policy .making.
Key .features .of .a .evidence .and .gap .mapping .exercise .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
Maps .out .and .categorises .existing .literature .from .which .commission .further
.reviews .and/or .primary .research .by .identifying .gaps .in .the .research .literature
Key .features .of .a .meta .analysis .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Statistically .combines
.results .of .quantitative .studies .to .provide .the .precise .effects .of .resul
Compare .literature .reviews .with .systematic .reviews .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-In
.literature .reviews .the .research .question .is .more .broad .than .systematic .reviews,
.the .literature .search .may .not .be .comprehensive .in .scope .and .results .may .be
.selected .subjectively .whereas .in .a .systematic .review .the .search .aims .to .find .all
.published .and .unpublished .literature .that .is .comprehensive .in .scope. .Literature
.reviews .may .not .have .a .clear .rationale .but .a .systematic .review .will. .Literature
, .reviews .may .not .always .assess .quality .or .to .the .same .standards .as .a
.systematic .review. .In .literature .reviews .a .method .and .results .section .may .not
.be .included .whereas .systematic .reviews .will. .In .a .literature .review .a .conclusion
.will .be .built .on .the .researchers .prior .knowledge .rather .than .the .included
.studies .whereas .a .systematic .review .will .build .a .clear .conclusion .from .the
.included .studies.
What .are .the .two .paradigms .in .this .module? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-
Quantitative .and .qualitative .research
What .is .a .paradigms .? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Philosophies .or .theories .of
.knowledge .and .reality .on .which .research .studies .are .built.
What .is .quantitative .research? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-A .scientific .approach .to
.research .underpinned .by .POSITIVISM .and .emphasises .the .use .of .a .scientific
.method. .The .aim .is .to .test .a .hypothesis, .explaining .and .predicting
.what/where/why/how/when .phenomena .occurred. .This .approach .is .deductive.
Who .is .the .founder .of .positivism .? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Auguste .Comte .(late
.1700s)
What .is .positivism? .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Positivism .takes .the .view .that .only
.factual .knowledge .is .gained .through .observation .(the .senses) .including
.measurement. .The .role .of .the .researcher .is .to .collect .and .interpret .data .in .an
.objective .way. .Research .findings .are .usually .observable .and .quantifiable.
.(Collins, .2010)
How .do .we .get .toe .clinical .guidelines? .(Hierarchy .of .evidence) .- .CORRECT
.ANSWERS-Beginning .with .animal .and .laboratory .studies .that .didn't .involve
.humans, .moving .on .to .case .reports/series .that .involve .an .expert .opinion, .then
.we .move .to .case .control .studies .which .are .retrospective .and .looking .into .risk
.factors. .Next .we .complete .cohort .studies .which .are .prospective .and .that
.expose .a .cohort .to .risk .and .observe .an .outcome .of .interest. .Following .this .we
.complete .randomised .control .trials .to .test .a .treatment. .Then .meta .analysis .and
.systematic .reviews .(both .secondary .data) .take .place .which .influence .clinical
.practise .guidelines.
Divisions .of .quantitative .research .designs .- .CORRECT .ANSWERS-Descriptive:
.case .reports, .case .series, .cross-sectional .studies
