DPT 708 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Epithelium
Function
- Creates protective boundary
- Facilitates diffusion of ions and molecules
examples : hair, skin, nails
Connective
Function
- Underlies and supports other tissue types
examples : fat (adipose), bone, cartilage, tendons
Muscle
Function
- contracts to initiate movement
examples : skeletal muscle, cardiac, smooth muscle
Nervous
Function
- Transmits and integrates info through CNS and PNS
,example : Nerves, brain, spinal cord, cells supporting nervous tissue
Integumentary system
- Collection of organs forming outermost layer of the body
- Composed of skin, mails, hair, gland, as well as nerves and vasculature supplying
these tissues
- Primary Function: physical barrier between external and internal environment (helps
maintain homeostasis)
Skin
- Heaviest and largest single organ
- Protects against physical, chemical, and biological agents
- Maintains stable environment by helping regulate body temperature, hydration,
immune response, and secretion of metabolites
- Production of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors
- Conveys sensory information about external environment to the nervous system
Layers of Skin
Epidermis
- Stratified squamous epithelial cells
- 4-5 layers
Dermis
- 2 layers
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
- Technically not a part of the skin, connective
,Epidermis Distal to Proximal
- Stratum Basale (basement)
- Stratum Spinosum (spine)
- Stratum Granulosum (keratin)
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
Stratum Basale (basement)
- 1 layer
- Columnar or cuboidal cells connected to basal (basement) membrane
- Anchors epidermis to dermis underneath
Stratum Spinosum (spine)
Many layers of cells connected by desmosomes (this is what gives the appearance of
spines)
Stratum Granulosum (keratin)
- 3-5 layers
- Flat cells filled with keratohyalin granules
- Keratohyalin granules contain filaments and proteins associated with keratin. They
also contain lamellar granules that are filled with lipids (fat) which create an epidermal
barrier against h20 loss
Stratum Lucidum
- few layers
- Flat Cells
- ONLY present in thick skin
, Stratum Corneum
- 15-20 layers
- Flat non-nucleated keratinized squamous cells
- This layer is dead skin and sheds
2 Types of skin
Thick
- 5 layers of epidermis (including stratum lucidum layer)
- Thicker stratum granulosum than thin
- callouses
- Hairless
Thin
- 4 layers of epidermis
- Thinner stratum granulosum than think skin
- contains hair follicles and glands (sebaceous)
Cellular components of epidermis
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans cells
- Merkel Cells
Keratinocytes
- Dominant cell type in epidermis
- Produce keratin... keratin is the major structural protein of epidermis
- Helps make epidermal water barrier
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Epithelium
Function
- Creates protective boundary
- Facilitates diffusion of ions and molecules
examples : hair, skin, nails
Connective
Function
- Underlies and supports other tissue types
examples : fat (adipose), bone, cartilage, tendons
Muscle
Function
- contracts to initiate movement
examples : skeletal muscle, cardiac, smooth muscle
Nervous
Function
- Transmits and integrates info through CNS and PNS
,example : Nerves, brain, spinal cord, cells supporting nervous tissue
Integumentary system
- Collection of organs forming outermost layer of the body
- Composed of skin, mails, hair, gland, as well as nerves and vasculature supplying
these tissues
- Primary Function: physical barrier between external and internal environment (helps
maintain homeostasis)
Skin
- Heaviest and largest single organ
- Protects against physical, chemical, and biological agents
- Maintains stable environment by helping regulate body temperature, hydration,
immune response, and secretion of metabolites
- Production of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors
- Conveys sensory information about external environment to the nervous system
Layers of Skin
Epidermis
- Stratified squamous epithelial cells
- 4-5 layers
Dermis
- 2 layers
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
- Technically not a part of the skin, connective
,Epidermis Distal to Proximal
- Stratum Basale (basement)
- Stratum Spinosum (spine)
- Stratum Granulosum (keratin)
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
Stratum Basale (basement)
- 1 layer
- Columnar or cuboidal cells connected to basal (basement) membrane
- Anchors epidermis to dermis underneath
Stratum Spinosum (spine)
Many layers of cells connected by desmosomes (this is what gives the appearance of
spines)
Stratum Granulosum (keratin)
- 3-5 layers
- Flat cells filled with keratohyalin granules
- Keratohyalin granules contain filaments and proteins associated with keratin. They
also contain lamellar granules that are filled with lipids (fat) which create an epidermal
barrier against h20 loss
Stratum Lucidum
- few layers
- Flat Cells
- ONLY present in thick skin
, Stratum Corneum
- 15-20 layers
- Flat non-nucleated keratinized squamous cells
- This layer is dead skin and sheds
2 Types of skin
Thick
- 5 layers of epidermis (including stratum lucidum layer)
- Thicker stratum granulosum than thin
- callouses
- Hairless
Thin
- 4 layers of epidermis
- Thinner stratum granulosum than think skin
- contains hair follicles and glands (sebaceous)
Cellular components of epidermis
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans cells
- Merkel Cells
Keratinocytes
- Dominant cell type in epidermis
- Produce keratin... keratin is the major structural protein of epidermis
- Helps make epidermal water barrier
