DPT 708: SESSION 9: NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSICAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
1. An _______ ________ travels along a motor neuron and reaches the
neuromuscular junction, where it stimulates the release of Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Neurotransmitter/chemical messenger) into the synaptic cleft
An ACTION POTENTIAL travels along a motor neuron and reaches the neuromuscular
junction, where it stimulates the release of Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Neurotransmitter/chemical messenger) into the synaptic cleft
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
2. ____________ _________ activation: Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell
membrane (sarcolemma), leading to the ____________ of the muscle fiber. This
depolarization travels along the sarcolemma and into the muscle cells via the T-
tubules
2. MUSCLE FIBER activation: Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane
(sarcolemma), leading to the DEPOLARIZATION of the muscle fiber. This
depolarization travels along the sarcolemma and into the muscle cells via the T-tubules
,Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
3. _________ Release: The depolarization of the T-tubules triggers the release of
______ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), an internal calcium store
within the muscle fiber
3. CALCIUM Release: The depolarization of the T-tubules triggers the release of
CALCIUM ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), an internal calcium store within
the muscle fiber
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
4. _______________ Initiation: Calcium ions bind to ___________, a regulatory
protein on the actin filaments. This binding causes a conformational change that
moves ____________ away from the myosin-binding sites on actin, allowing
myosin heads to attach to actin and perform the __________ ________, leading to
muscle contraction
4. CONTRACTION Initiation: Calcium ions bind to TROPONIN, a regulatory protein on
the actin filaments. This binding causes a conformational change that moves
TROPOMYOSIN away from the myosin-binding sites on actin, allowing myosin heads to
attach to actin and perform the POWER STROKE, leading to muscle contraction
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
5: ______________: Calcium ions are actively pumped back into the SR. As
calcium levels drop, troponin and tropomyosin (proteins) return to their original
, positions, blocking the myosin-binding sites on actin, and the muscle fiber
________
5: RELAXATION: Calcium ions are actively pumped back into the SR. As calcium levels
drop, troponin and tropomyosin (proteins) return to their original positions, blocking the
myosin-binding sites on actin, and the muscle fiber RELAXES
3 changes that occur in exercise
1. __________ changes with increased repitition or movement
a. Improved ________, increased ______ _______, and ______________ across
multiple muscles
2. Changes in actual muscle ________ components (ex. actin, myosin, total,
satellite cell recruitment)
3. Nearby cellular changes such as increase __________ that supply more ATP
for this process to even occur (Metabolic Changes)
1. NEUROMUSCULAR changes with increased repitition or movement
a. Improved FIRING, increased RATE CODING, and SYNCHRONIZATION across
multiple muscles
2. Changes in actual muscle PROTEIN components (ex. actin, myosin, total, satellite
cell recruitment)
3. Nearby cellular changes such as increase MITOCHONDRIA that supply more ATP
for this process to even occur (Metabolic Changes)
Type 1 muscle fibers
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
1. An _______ ________ travels along a motor neuron and reaches the
neuromuscular junction, where it stimulates the release of Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Neurotransmitter/chemical messenger) into the synaptic cleft
An ACTION POTENTIAL travels along a motor neuron and reaches the neuromuscular
junction, where it stimulates the release of Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Neurotransmitter/chemical messenger) into the synaptic cleft
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
2. ____________ _________ activation: Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell
membrane (sarcolemma), leading to the ____________ of the muscle fiber. This
depolarization travels along the sarcolemma and into the muscle cells via the T-
tubules
2. MUSCLE FIBER activation: Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane
(sarcolemma), leading to the DEPOLARIZATION of the muscle fiber. This
depolarization travels along the sarcolemma and into the muscle cells via the T-tubules
,Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
3. _________ Release: The depolarization of the T-tubules triggers the release of
______ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), an internal calcium store
within the muscle fiber
3. CALCIUM Release: The depolarization of the T-tubules triggers the release of
CALCIUM ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), an internal calcium store within
the muscle fiber
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
4. _______________ Initiation: Calcium ions bind to ___________, a regulatory
protein on the actin filaments. This binding causes a conformational change that
moves ____________ away from the myosin-binding sites on actin, allowing
myosin heads to attach to actin and perform the __________ ________, leading to
muscle contraction
4. CONTRACTION Initiation: Calcium ions bind to TROPONIN, a regulatory protein on
the actin filaments. This binding causes a conformational change that moves
TROPOMYOSIN away from the myosin-binding sites on actin, allowing myosin heads to
attach to actin and perform the POWER STROKE, leading to muscle contraction
Excitation Contraction Coupling Basics
5: ______________: Calcium ions are actively pumped back into the SR. As
calcium levels drop, troponin and tropomyosin (proteins) return to their original
, positions, blocking the myosin-binding sites on actin, and the muscle fiber
________
5: RELAXATION: Calcium ions are actively pumped back into the SR. As calcium levels
drop, troponin and tropomyosin (proteins) return to their original positions, blocking the
myosin-binding sites on actin, and the muscle fiber RELAXES
3 changes that occur in exercise
1. __________ changes with increased repitition or movement
a. Improved ________, increased ______ _______, and ______________ across
multiple muscles
2. Changes in actual muscle ________ components (ex. actin, myosin, total,
satellite cell recruitment)
3. Nearby cellular changes such as increase __________ that supply more ATP
for this process to even occur (Metabolic Changes)
1. NEUROMUSCULAR changes with increased repitition or movement
a. Improved FIRING, increased RATE CODING, and SYNCHRONIZATION across
multiple muscles
2. Changes in actual muscle PROTEIN components (ex. actin, myosin, total, satellite
cell recruitment)
3. Nearby cellular changes such as increase MITOCHONDRIA that supply more ATP
for this process to even occur (Metabolic Changes)
Type 1 muscle fibers
