DPT 708 MOTOR CONTROL: CONSTRAINTS OF
MOVEMENT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
what is a constraint?
An element that restricts a system from achieving its potential
what are the 11 neural constraints?
1. coordination
2. decreased strength
3. spasticity
4. hypertonicity
5. hypotonicity
6. rigidity
7. abnormal synergies
8. pain
9. sensory impairment
10. perceptual impairment
11. cognitive impairment
what is a coordination constraint?
- disordered patterns of activation (muscle timing, scaling, magnitude)
- inability to coordinate multijoint movements
, - muscles not activated at appropriate time or with appropriate amount of force
- movement is not smooth, accurate or efficient
what does coordination rely on?
synergies
define synergies
the ability of a muscle to work in concert with other muscles
what is impaired coordination of muscle synergists due to? (4)
- Sequencing problems
- Problems w/ timely activation of postural responses
- Issues w/ adapting postural activity to changing tasks & environmental demands
(obstacle = unexpected)
- Dysmetria
what else does coordination include?
co-activation (simultaneous activation of additional muscles (agonist-antagonist))
when are coordination constraints present?
- may be present in neurologically intact (just learning a new skill --> deg of freedom)
- impaired individuals
what are examples of coordination constraints?
- dysdiadochokinesia (impaired sustained rhythm)
- dysmetria (impaired directional control)
- bradykinesia
- hyperkinesia
- hypokinesia
MOVEMENT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
what is a constraint?
An element that restricts a system from achieving its potential
what are the 11 neural constraints?
1. coordination
2. decreased strength
3. spasticity
4. hypertonicity
5. hypotonicity
6. rigidity
7. abnormal synergies
8. pain
9. sensory impairment
10. perceptual impairment
11. cognitive impairment
what is a coordination constraint?
- disordered patterns of activation (muscle timing, scaling, magnitude)
- inability to coordinate multijoint movements
, - muscles not activated at appropriate time or with appropriate amount of force
- movement is not smooth, accurate or efficient
what does coordination rely on?
synergies
define synergies
the ability of a muscle to work in concert with other muscles
what is impaired coordination of muscle synergists due to? (4)
- Sequencing problems
- Problems w/ timely activation of postural responses
- Issues w/ adapting postural activity to changing tasks & environmental demands
(obstacle = unexpected)
- Dysmetria
what else does coordination include?
co-activation (simultaneous activation of additional muscles (agonist-antagonist))
when are coordination constraints present?
- may be present in neurologically intact (just learning a new skill --> deg of freedom)
- impaired individuals
what are examples of coordination constraints?
- dysdiadochokinesia (impaired sustained rhythm)
- dysmetria (impaired directional control)
- bradykinesia
- hyperkinesia
- hypokinesia
